1. Understanding students' mental health issues: Demystifying psychiatric services Dr. Paula Cook August 17, 2010 - pcook59@shaw.ca

2. Living on Earth is expensive, but it does include a free trip around the sun every year.

3. Outline What are mental health issues? How prevalent are mental health issues? What resources are available to address students with mental health issues ?

4. What is Mental Health? Mental health means striking a balance in all aspects of one’s life: -social, -physical, -spiritual, -economic, and -mental aspects (CMHA)

5. 1.significant altercations of thinking, mood, behaviour and emotional functioning, 2. significant distress & discomfort for the person, and 3.impaired functioning, over an extended period of time, in one or more of the following areas:  at school,  at work,  in social situations  and with family interactions and relationships. Mental illnesses (mental health issues) are brain disorders that cause:

6. What are its effects? Disrupts and influences: behavior, mood, feelings, thinking processes, coping skills, and the ability to relate to others

7. Causing behavioral & emotional symptoms that: 1. delay the development of social skills, 2. impede progress at school, 3. affect family & peer relationships 4. affect family & peer interactions, 5. cause poor coordination, and 6. affect recreational, social & athletic pursuits.

8. What causes mental illness?  disturbances in the brain’s "wiring" process (brain development) during pre and post natal growth,  genetic or biological influences,  chemical imbalances,  brain trauma,  severe life stress or  a combination of the above Combination of factors including:

9. Childhood onset brain disorders can be more severe and more complex than adult onset disorders.

10. Indicators of Mental Illness in Children & Adolescents 1.severe, persistent behaviour problems 2.behaviour problems that impact on daily activities/functioning 3.changes in appetite and/or sleep 4.social withdrawal 5.fearfulness 6.behaviour that regresses to earlier phases, like bedwetting 7.signs of distress, ex. sadness or tearfulness 8.self-destructive behavior, ex. head banging, self mutilation 9.tendency to have frequent injuries

11. But…… Because many everyday stresses cause changes in behavior, youth with suspected mental illnesses must be thoroughly evaluated by trained pediatric mental health professionals.

12. Real women don’t have hot flashes…...they have power surges

13. Outline √ What are mental health issues? How prevalent are mental health issues? What resources are available to address students with mental health issues?

14. Mental health issues, (mental illnesses) are the leading cause of disability (lost years of productive life) in North America, Europe and other industrialized countries.

15. How Prevalent? It is estimated that 1in 5 of Canadian youth are affected by a mental illness or disorder  - the single most disabling group of disorders worldwide (CMHA). Canada's youth suicide rate the third highest in the industrialized world (CMHA). Suicide is among the second leading causes of death in 15-24 year olds (CMHA).

16. Stats On average, there is a 10 yr gap between the onset of symptoms and diagnostic interventions (Papolaos & Papolos, 2002) Only 20% of children with mental health disorders get needed treatment (DeAngelis, 2004). Pediatricians miss 83% of children with psychiatric diagnoses (NIMH, 2004). Mental disorders in youth are ranked as the 2 nd highest hospital care expenditure in Canada (CMHA, 2008).

17. Serious mental illnesses can now be treated effectively, bringing a 70-90% percent reduction in symptoms (NIMH, 2005). Usual treatment includes a combination of pharmacological and psychosocial support (NIMH, 2005). Early treatment of the major psychiatric disorders can lessen the severity of recurrence over a lifetime (NIMH, 2003).

18. I read this article that said the typical symptoms of stress are eating too much, impulse buying, and driving too fast. Are they kidding? That is my idea of a perfect day!

19. Outline √ What are mental health issues? √ How prevalent are mental health issues? What resources are available to address students with mental health issues?

20. Diagnosis 1.Based on DSM-VI….the 5 Axis System 2.a review of the child’s development, 3.any important medical problems he/she might have had, 4.family history of mental disorders, & 5.physical and psychological traumas or situations that may have caused stress

21. DSM IV Diagnostic Criteria Axis I - Clinical disorders LD, ADHD, depression, depression, anxieties, Bipolar, phobias, etc Axis II - Personality Disorders long lasting personality disorders, metal retardation, autism Axis III - Acute medical conditions/physical disorders -brain injuries and physical conditions Axis IV - Contributing psychosocial and environmental factors Axis V -general functioning levels according to Childrens’ Global Assessment Scale

22. Description of Mental Health Services Available Through the Winnipeg Regional Health Authority (WRHA) Centralized Intake – Mental Health Provides the single port of entry for all services in the Winnipeg Regional Health Authority (WRHA) Child and Adolescent Mental Health Program Focus is to enable clients and families to access appropriate programs and services based on their individual needs Referrals for service can be made by families, caregivers, physicians, mental health professionals, or the clients themselves

23. Basic Principals Regarding mental health issues

24. 1. Seek specific diagnoses to be used to help others (and that includes us!) to understand and to provide guidance for the interventions used. Principle #1

25. Diagnoses ARE NOT to be used: 1.as an excuse for unacceptable behaviour : -on the part of the person with the diagnosis, or -yourself and others-the people interacting with the person 2.as an excuse for automatic exclusion Principle #1 continued…

26. 2.Language difficulties can be common. That is having problems with: Identifying, articulating, expressing, issues, feelings, situations, etc. Principle #2

27. 3.The same behaviour may mean something different every time it is displayed. Principle #3

28. 4.If problem behaviours and other symptoms occur in most or all settings, it is MORE likely due to mental health issues. Principle #4

29. 5.If there is little or no change in behaviour or other symptoms even with appropriate, consistent behavioural interventions, it is MORE likely due to mental health issues. Principle #5

30. Good judgment comes from experience, and a lot of that comes from bad judgment.