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2. 2 WHAT IS ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR? Definition: The study of human behavior, attitudes, and performance in organizations. Value of OB: Helps people attain the competencies needed to become effective employees, team leaders/members, or managers Competency = an interrelated set of abilities, behaviors, attitudes, and knowledge needed by an individual to be effective in most professional and managerial positions

3. 3 OB IS FOR EVERYONE It is natural to think that the study of OB is for managers/leaders Why? They often set the agenda for everyone Informal leadership Does managers ask the employees to be proactive Do they listen their ideas, even share decision-making processes

4. 4 OB IS FOR EVERYONE Entrepreneurs/individuals may nor act as managers but they interact with other individuals or organizations OB in the street OB examines individuals, groups, entire organization because each category contributes to the challenges of the workplace

5. 5 DEFINITION OF THE MANAGING SELF COMPETENCY Involves the ability to assess your own strengths and weaknesses, set and pursue professional and personal goals, balance work and personal life, and engage in new learning (including new or modified skills, behaviors, and attitudes)

6. 6 CORE ABILITIES OF THE MANAGING SELF COMPETENCY Understand the personality and attitudes of yourself and others Perceive, appraise, and interpret accurately yourself, others, and the immediate environment Understand and act on your own and others work-related motivations and emotions Assess and establish developmental, personal/life-related, and work-related goals Take responsibility for managing yourself and your career

7. 7 CAREER DEVELOPMENT A career is a sequence of work-related positions occupied by a person during a lifetime. Career development involves making decisions about an occupation and engaging in activities to attain career goals. A career plan is an individual’s choice of occupation, organization, and career path.

8. 8 FIVE ASPECTS OF A CAREER Career success or failure is best determined by the individual, in terms of his/her personal goal achievement No absolute career evaluation standards exist Examine a career subjectively (e.g., values and personality fit) and objectively (e.g., job choices, competencies needed) Make decisions about occupation and pursue activities to attain career goals throughout your lifetime Consider cultural factors as they impact performance and career opportunities

9. 9 DEFINITION OF THE MANAGING COMMUNICATION COMPETENCY Involves the ability to use all the modes of transmitting, understanding, and receiving ideas, thoughts, and feelings, (verbal, listening, nonverbal, written, electronic, etc.) for accurately transferring and exchanging information and emotions

10. 10 CORE ABILITIES OF THE MANAGING COMMUNICATION COMPETENCY Convey information, ideas, and emotions so they are received as intended Provide constructive feedback Engage in active listening Use and interpret nonverbal communication effectively Engage in effective verbal communication Engage in effective written communication Effectively use electronic communication resources

11. 11 DEFINITION OF THE MANAGING DIVERSITY COMPETENCY Involves the ability to value unique individual and group characteristics, embrace such characteristics as potential sources of organizational strength, and appreciate the uniqueness of each individual

12. 12 CORE ABILITIES OF THE MANAGING DIVERSITY COMPETENCY Foster an environment of inclusion for all Learn from others with different characteristics, experiences, perspectives, and backgrounds Embrace and support diversity Work with others because of their talents and contributions, rather than personal attributes Provide leadership in addressing diversity-based conflicts Apply diversity laws, regulations, and organizational policies related to your position

13. 13 SELECTED CATEGORIES OF DIVERSITY Primary Categories: Genetic characteristics that affect a persons self-image and socialization, appear to be unlearned and are difficult to modify Age, race, ethnicity, gender, physical abilities and qualities, and sexual and affectional orientation Secondary categories: Learned characteristics that a person acquires and modifies throughout life Education, work experience, income, marital status, religious beliefs, geographic location, parental status, behavioral style

14. 14 DEFINITION OF THE MANAGING ETHICS COMPETENCY Involves the ability to incorporate values and principles that distinguish right from wrong in making decisions and choosing behaviors

15. 15 ETHICS Definition: Values and principles that distinguish right from wrong. Ethics are often based upon laws, organizational policies, social norms, family, religion, and/or personal needs, and may be subject to differing interpretations with problems in proving “truth” Ethical Dilemma: A situation in which an individual or team must make a decision that involves multiple values.

16. 16 CORE ABILITIES OF THE MANAGING ETHICS COMPETENCY Identify and describe the principles of ethical decision making and behavior Assess the importance of ethical issues in actions Apply laws, regulations, and organizational rules in making decisions and taking action Demonstrate dignity and respect for others Demonstrate honest and open communication limited only by legal, privacy, and competitive considerations

17. 17 DEFINITION OF THE MANAGING ACROSS CULTURES COMPETENCY Involves the ability to recognize and embrace similarities and differences among nations and cultures and then approach key organizational and strategic issues with an open and curious mind Culture = the dominant pattern of living, thinking, and believing that is developed and transmitted by people, consciously or unconsciously, to subsequent generations Cultural values = those consciously and subconsciously deeply held beliefs that specify general preferences, behaviors, and define what is right and wrong.

18. 18 CORE ABILITIES OF THE MANAGING ACROSS CULTURES COMPETENCY Understand, appreciate, and use cultural factors that can affect behavior Appreciate the influence of work-related values on decisions, preferences, and practices Understand and motivate employees with different values and attitudes Communicate in the local language Deal effectively with extreme conditions in foreign countries Utilize a global mindset (use a worldwide perspective to constantly assess threats or opportunities)

19. 19 INDIVIDUALISM AS A WORK-RELATED VALUE Individualism = the tendency of people to look after themselves and their immediate family, which implies a loosely integrated society In cultures that emphasize individualism, people view themselves as independent, unique, and special; value individual goals over group goals; value personal identity, personal achievement, pleasure, and competition; accept interpersonal confrontation; and are less likely to conform to other’s expectations Such cultures include the United States, Australia, New Zealand and the United Kingdom Example: “Stand on your own two feet!”

20. 20 COLLECTIVISM AS A WORK-RELATED VALUE Collectivism = the tendency of people to emphasize their belonging to groups and to look after each other in exchange for loyalty Cultures that emphasize collectivism are characterized by a tight social framework, concern for the common welfare, emotional dependence of individuals on larger social units, a sense of belonging, a desire for harmony, with group goals being viewed as more important than individual goals, and a concern for face-saving Such cultures include Japan, China, Venezuela, and Indonesia Example: “The nail that sticks up gets hammered down!”

21. 21 DEFINITION OF THE MANAGING TEAMS COMPETENCY Involves the ability to develop, support, facilitate, and lead groups to achieve organizational goals

22. 22 CORE ABILITIES OF THE MANAGING TEAMS COMPETENCY Determine when and how to use teams Set clear performance goals directly or participative Define responsibilities and tasks directly or participative Show accountability for goal achievement Use appropriate decision-making methods Effectively manage conflicts Assess performance and take corrective action as needed

23. 23 DEFINITION OF THE MANAGING CHANGE COMPETENCY Involves the ability to recognize and implement needed adaptations or entirely new transformations in the people, tasks, strategies, structures, or technologies in a person’s area of responsibility

24. 24 CORE ABILITIES OF THE MANAGING CHANGE COMPETENCY Apply the other six competencies in pursuit of needed changes Provide leadership in planned change Diagnose pressures for and resistance to change Use the systems model and relevant processes to facilitate change Seek out, learn, share, and apply new knowledge in the pursuit of constant improvement

25. 25 ORGANIZATIONS AS OPEN SYSTEMS Organizations are “open systems,” such that their long term effectiveness is determined by their ability to anticipate, manage, and respond to changes in their environment, with such changes resulting from external forces and/or stakeholders External forces include the labor force, the natural environment, the economy, and different cultures, while stakeholders include shareholders, customers, competitors, suppliers, creditors, governmental agencies and their regulations

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