1. Study Guide Chapter 5 section 3 Chapter 6

2. Q: There are two types of reproduction, what are they?
Question #1
Q: There are two types of reproduction, what are they?
A: 1. Asexual
2. Sexual

3. Question # 2
Q: There are two major differences between asexual and sexual reproduction. What are the differences?
A: 1. Asexual - one parent and identical
traits as the parents.
2. Sexual - has two parents and a
combination of traits from the two parents.

4. Question # 3
Q: Most of the cells in your body reproduce by a process called __________.
A: Mitosis

5. Question # 4
Q: What are the parent cells in sexual reproduction called?
A: Sex Cells
1. Sperm
2. Egg

6. Question # 5
Q: When two chromosomes carry the exact same gene sequence, what are they called?
A: Homologous Chromosomes

7. Question # 6
Q: What process produces sex cells?
A: Meiosis

8. Question # 7 Q: What is the end result of meiosis?
A: Four sex cells with half the number of chromosomes

9. Question # 8
Q: If a parent cell has 36 chromosomes, what will the process of meiosis produce? (tell the type of cell produced, how many cells result, and the number of chromosomes in each).
A: Four eggs w/ 18 chromosomes each or four sperms w/ 18 chromosomes each

10. Question # 9
Q: If a parent cell has 16 chromosomes, how many chromosomes would his sperm have?
A: 8

11. Question # 10
Q: Where are genes found/located?
A: On the chromosome

12. Question # 11 Q: How is the sex of a child determined?
A: The father carries the XY chromosome that determines the sex of the child. If the father gives an X to the female allele, it will be a girl; if the father gives a Y to the female allele, it will be a boy.

13. Question # 12
Q: What allele pair does the female carry?
A: XX

14. Question # 13
Q: What allele pair does the male carry?
A: XY

15. Question # 14
Q: Some diseases attach to the X chromosome of the female. What are these diseases called?
A: Sex linked genetic disorders

16. Question # 15 Q: Why does colorblindness occur most often in males?
A: It is usually carried by the female and is a recessive trait so it usually is only passed on to a male child.

17. Question # 16
Q: Show the symbol for the following parts of a pedigree: A:
Male – square
Female - circle
Has no signs of the disease because it carries two dominant alleles – Square/Circle not colored in
Carries the disease but does not have it - Square/Circle half colored in
Has the disease because it carries two recessive alleles - Square/Circle ALL colored in
Couples – horizontal lines
Brothers and sisters (children) – vertical lines
Different generations – numbers to the left of the pedigree

18. Question # 17 Q: What is the purpose of a pedigree?
A: A tool used to detect traits that are passed down through generations

19. Question # 18 Q: What is the following an example of?
dairy farmer collects data on his herd of cows for how much milk each produces. Two cows in particular produce large quantities of milk. The farmer breeds these two cows with his bull in order to have offspring that will produce large amounts of milk.
A: Selective Breeding

20. Question # 19
Q: Put these words in order of size (small to large): nucleus, chromosome, cell, and gene.
A: Gene, Chromosome, Nucleus, Cell

21. Question # 20 Q: How are sex cells different from body cells?
A: Sex cells have ½ the # of chromosomes

22. Question # 21
Q: If you were the carrier of a genetic disease, how could genetic counseling help you prepare for the future?
A: 1. Genetic counseling could help to prepare the family for problems associated with the disease
2. Allow parents to make decisions in regards to having children (have children naturally or adopt),
3. Seek proper medical attention to prevent early onset of the disease
4. Learn how to best live with the disease

23. Question # 22
Q: If a mouse’s tail is cut off as it escapes from a cat, explain what the offspring’s tail would look like?
A: The offspring would have a normal tail.

24. Question # 23
Q: If a scientist is looking to choose a specific mate for an organism to produce a desirable trait, what is this process called?
A: Selective breeding

25. Question # 24 Q: Where are chromosomes located in the cell?
A: In the nucleus.

26. Question # 25 Q: What are chromosomes made of?
A: Microscopic threadlike strands of DNA

27. Question # 26
Q: What does DNA stand for?
A: Deoxyribonucleic Acid

28. Question # 27 Q: What is the basic function of the DNA?
A: To control the production of proteins within the cell

29. Question # 28 Q: What is the relationship of a gene and DNA?
A: A gene is a segment of DNA that codes for a particular protein & trait.

30. Question # 29 Q: What scientists found the structure for DNA?
A: James Watson & Francis Crick

31. Question # 30 Q: What does DNA look like?
A: Twisted ladder/Double Helix

32. Question # 31
Q: Each part of the ladder of DNA is made up of a different chemical. Tell the chemical for each of the parts of the ladder:
A: 1. The sides of the ladder – sugar (deoxyribose)
& phosphates
2. Rungs of the ladder – adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine

33. Question # 32 Q: What is the “Base-Pair Rule?” A: 1. A pairs with T
2. C pairs with G

34. Question # 33 Q: What is a nucleotide made up of?
A: A sugar, a phosphate, one of the four bases

35. Question # 34 Q: What holds together the two sides of the DNA ladder?
A: Hydrogen Bonds

36. Question # 35
Q: Where are proteins made?
A: In Ribosomes

37. Question # 36
Q: What chemical is needed to read the code of the DNA and tell the ribosomes what proteins to make?
A: Messenger RNA (mRNA)

38. Question # 37 Q: Why is messenger RNA needed in a cell?
A: mRNA is needed to carry messages through the nuclear membrane pores to the ribosomes about what proteins to make from the DNA because DNA is too big to fit through the pores of the nucleus.

39. Question # 38
Q: DNA is referred to as the “blueprint” of the cell? Why is it referred to in this way?
A: DNA is referred to as the “blueprint” of the cell because it tells the cell how to build an organism

40. Question # 39
Q: Using figure one on page 144, draw the four nucleotides of DNA. A:

41. Question # 40
Q: Draw the shape of a strand of DNA. A: