1. REVIEW BEFORE THE GAME

2. MEIOSIS What type of cells are produced?
How many cells are produced at the end of this process?
Trick: mEioSis
E=egg and S=sperm
Eggs and sperm are sex cells

3. MEIOSIS What type of cells are produced?
Sex cells
How many cells are produced at the end of this process? 4
Trick: mEioSis
E=egg and S=sperm
Eggs and sperm are sex cells

4. MEIOSIS
This term refers to the number of chromosomes in the parent cell at the BEGINNING of the process.
This term refers to the number of chromosomes in each cell at the END of the process.

5. MEIOSIS
This term refers to the number of chromosomes in the parent cell at the BEGINNING of the process.
Diploid
This term refers to the number of chromosomes in each cell at the END of the process.
Haploid

6. MITOSIS Which cells in your body are produced by this process?
How many cells are produced at the end of this process?
Trick: MITosis
Makes It Two

7. MITOSIS Which cells in your body are produced by this process?
Most of the cells in your body (except sex cells)
How many cells are produced at the end of this process? 2
Trick: MITosis
Makes It Two

8. MITOSIS
This term refers to the number of chromosomes in the parent cell at the BEGINNING of the process.
This term refers to the number of chromosomes in each cell at the END of the process.

9. MITOSIS
This term refers to the number of chromosomes in the parent cell at the BEGINNING of the process.
Diploid
This term refers to the number of chromosomes in each cell at the END of the process.

10. SELECTIVE BREEDING Labrador Retriever Poodle
hypoallergenic coat may reduce allergic reactions
gentle, intelligent and family-friendly

11. gentle, intelligent and family-friendly
SELECTIVE BREEDING
LABRADOODLE
gentle, intelligent and family-friendly
hypoallergenic coat
AND

12. GENETIC ENGINEERING
In this example, scientists added a gene from fireflies to this plant which causes it to grow.
Scientists can manipulate individual genes. They do not select organisms and breed them. They take out DNA from one organism and insert it into the cells of another.

13. DNA Fingerprinting Unique patterns in an individual’s DNA
Can be used as evidence in crime scenes
Identifies family relations or herditary diseases

14. PEDIGREES
Know how to read and interpret a pedigree. You should be able to identify:
Males and Females
Who has a recessive trait, who is a carrier, and who does not have the trait
The genotype for each person

15. PEDIGREES

16. DNA What does the “base-pair rule” state?
If 40% of the DNA is guanine, what percent is:
Cytosine?
Thymine?
Adenine?

17. DNA What does the “base-pair rule” state?
The amount of adenine = thymine and the amount of cytosine = guanine
If 40% of the DNA is guanine, what percent is:
Cytosine? (40%)
Thymine? (10%)
Adenine? (10%)

18. DNA
ANSWER:
T A C C G A T T G
A T G G C T A A C

19. Chapter 5 (Section 3) & Chapter 6 Genes and DNA Review Game

20. This is the process by which most of the cells in your body reproduce.

21. This is the process by which most of the cells in your body reproduce.
A: Mitosis

22. How many cells are produced at the end of meiosis?

23. How many cells are produced at the end of meiosis?

24. This term refers to the number of chromosomes found in cells at the end of mitosis.

25. This term refers to the number of chromosomes found in cells at the end of mitosis.
A: Diploid (A full set)

26. The parent cell of an organism has 22 pairs of chromosomes.
1) What is the diploid number?
2) What is the haploid number?

27. The parent cell of an organism has 22 pairs of chromosomes.
1) What is the diploid number?
A: 44
2) What is the haploid number?
A: 22

28. This term refers to the number of chromosomes found in cells at the end of meiosis.

29. This term refers to the number of chromosomes found in cells at the end of meiosis.
A: Haploid

30. What kind of chromosomes determine a person’s gender?

31. What kind of chromosomes determine a person’s gender?
A: Sex Chromosomes

32. Which sex chromosomes does a female carry?
Which sex chromosomes does a male carry?

33. Which sex chromosomes does a female carry?XX
Which sex chromosomes does a male carry? XY

34. Who determines a child’s sex: the male or the female?

35. Who determines a child’s sex? The male or the female?
A: Male
(because females can only pass on an X chromosome. Males can pass on either an X or a Y, and whichever chromosome the male passes on will determine the sex)

36. An organism has 30 chromosomes
An organism has 30 chromosomes. How many chromosomes would its sperm or eggs have?

37. An organism has 30 chromosomes
An organism has 30 chromosomes. How many chromosomes would its sperm or eggs have?
A: 15

38. A dog breeder crosses a poodle with a lab in order to have dogs that do not shed. This is an example of what?

39. A dog breeder crosses a poodle with a lab in order to have dogs that do not shed. This is an example of what?
A: Selective Breeding

40. What is the molecule in the cell that contains the information for protein production?

41. What is the molecule in the cell that contains the information for protein production?
A: DNA

42. Describe the shape of DNA (2 ways).

43. Describe the shape of DNA (2 ways).
A: double helix, or a twisted ladder

44. What are the subunits of DNA?

45. What are the subunits of DNA?
A: Nucleotides

46. What are the three components that make up a nucleotide?

47. What are the three components that make up a nucleotide?
A: A base, a sugar, and a phosphate

48. Using their first letters, list the four bases found in DNA.

49. Using their first letters, list the four bases found in DNA.
A: A, T, C, & G

50. What is the rule that states that A always pairs with T, and C always pairs with G?

51. What is the rule that states that A always pairs with T, and C always pairs with G?
A: Base-Pair Rule

52. What scientist discovered that the amount of adenine always equals the amount of thymine, and the amount of cytosine always equals the amount of guanine?

53. What scientist discovered that the amount of adenine always equals the amount of thymine, and the amount of cytosine always equals the amount of guanine?
A: Erwin Chargaff

54. Who was the 1st scientist to produce images of DNA molecules using X-ray diffraction?

55. Who was the 1st scientist to produce images of DNA molecules using X-ray diffraction?
A: Rosalind Franklin

56. Who were the 2 scientists who developed the first model of DNA?

57. Who were the 2 scientists who developed the first model of DNA?
A: James Watson and Francis Crick

58. Write down the complementary strand for this sequence of bases.
A C C T A G

59. Write down the complementary strand for this sequence of bases.
A C C T A G
T G G A T C

60. List the 3 kinds of mutations that can occur when DNA is copied.

61. List the 3 kinds of mutations that can occur when DNA is copied.
A: Deletion, Insertion, and Substitution

62. What kind of mutation has taken place?

63. What kind of mutation has taken place?
A: Insertion

64. What kind of mutation has taken place?

65. What kind of mutation has taken place?
A: Substitution

66. Since DNA can’t fit through the nuclear pores, _____ takes the message from the DNA out to the cell.

67. Since DNA can’t fit through the nuclear pores, _____ takes the message from the DNA out to the cell?
A: RNA

68. What base does RNA have that DNA does not?

69. What base does RNA have that DNA does not?
A: Uracil

70. What base does DNA have that RNA does not?

71. What base does DNA have that RNA does not?
A: Thymine

72. This tool is used to detect traits that are passed down through generations.

73. This tool is used to detect traits that are passed down through generations.
A: Pedigree

74. Practice with Pedigrees
(we are tracking a recessive trait)
Draw a male with the trait
Using the letter “F”, write his genotype.

75. Practice with Pedigrees
(we are tracking a recessive trait)
Draw a male who has the trait
Using the letter “F”, write his genotype. A: ff

76. Practice with Pedigrees
(we are tracking a recessive trait)
Draw a female carrier of the trait
Using the letter “F”, write her genotype.
Does she have the trait?

77. Practice with Pedigrees
(we are tracking a recessive trait)
Draw a female carrier of the trait
Using the letter “F”, write her genotype. A: Ff
Does she have the trait? A: No

78. Practice with Pedigrees
(we are tracking a recessive trait)
This shape is in a pedigree:
Would you conclude that this is a sex-linked trait?

79. Practice with Pedigrees
(we are tracking a recessive trait)
This shape is in a pedigree:
Would you conclude that this is a sex-linked trait?
A: No, males can’t be carriers of sex-linked traits

80. Scientists added genes from a firefly to a tobacco plant which caused the plant to glow. This type of manipulation is known as ________ ________.

81. Scientists added genes from a firefly to a tobacco plant which caused the plant to glow. This type of manipulation is known as genetic engineering.

82. This is the term for a new organism that has an exact copy of another organism’s genes.

83. This is the term for a new organism that has an exact copy of another organism’s genes.
A: Clone

84. This is the process that identifies the unique patterns in a person’s DNA. It can be helpful in many areas, including solving crimes and identifying hereditary diseases.

85. This is the process that identifies the unique patterns in a person’s DNA. It can be helpful in many areas, including solving crimes and identifying hereditary diseases.
A: DNA Fingerprinting