1. GROUP PRESENTATION THE BRAND PERSONALITY OF LARGE SPORTS EVENTS ADAM, ANDY, ASHLEY, CODY, MATT, MIKE

2. ARTICLE OVERVIEW Purpose Evaluating Brand Personality in “big time” sporting events Methods Questionnaire Standardized by J. Aaker Results Overall Positive

3. PURPOSE Brief Details Identifying Brand Personality Traits of the Summer Olympics, FIFA World Cup, and Tour de France. Analysis will modify future marketing strategies in connection with these events. Expectations The researchers believe they will receive positive attitude towards brand personality

4. METHODS Participants A group of Czech students 21-25 years old Less then 40% were male Task Measure brand personality for three sports events of world significance based on human characteristics Procedure Written Questionnaires Subjects evaluated personality traits using a five-point Likert scale 1 being fully descriptive, 5 being not at all descriptive

5. RESULTS Overall the three brands received positive feedback in every important trait. Summer Olympics Proper, Sincere, Exciting, Unique, Hard Working, Successful, Self-Confident, Upper Class, Splendid, Striking with Team Spirit World Cup Modern, Exciting, Spirited, Successfulm Self- Confident, and Male with a Strong Team Spirit Tour de France Hard Working, Successful, and Male

6. Answering the questions…

7. VARIABLES What were the main independent and dependent variables in the study? Dependent: Brand personality traits Independent: Sports events that are perceived either positively or negatively by consumers

8. RELATIONSHIP OF INTEREST What was the relationship of interest in the study? The relationship between a consumer and a sport event, specifically brand personality

9. EXTERNAL VALIDITY Sampling strategy Non-Probabilistic Purposive No random Selection They specifically chose college students through the ages of 21-25 for subjects. Easiest to generalize to.

10. EXTERNAL VALIDITY Generalizations Population: 296 university students, mostly 21-25 years of age, was used as subjects for this study. Less then 40% were male Setting: Prague, Czech Republic. More specifically anywhere you attend a sporting event. Time: Recently done. Also pertaining to the years the games will take place (2020)

11. EXTERNAL VALIDITY “Does it generalize to the population of interest?” The study is generalizing to the Czech population that attends sporting events, mainly 21-25, however it is reasonable to say that it is generalizing to the whole population in the Czech Republic

12. EXTERNAL VALIDITY Issues Population vs. sample Male to female ratio International sporting events Interaction of selection and treatment Interaction of testing and treatment

13. CONSTRUCT VALIDITY Brand personality Comprehensive measure of brand personality There were some traits presented that seemed to peculiar to us and could have been omitted The authors do throw some of these out in their discussion, but we did not see the need of them being presented as an option There was face validity that these traits represented brand personality because the authors did get this description of brand personality from an expert in the field The authors did mention all four components of brand identity, but only talked about brand personality in detail

14. CONSTRUCT VALIDITY Brand Personality Questionnaire Used a questionnaire developed by J. Aaker, and expert in the field, to test brand personality The authors omitted some negative traits because the authors stated that brands are typically linked to positive associations No mention of when the testing took place Testing was only administered one time

15. CONSTRUCT VALIDITY Threats Mono-Operational Bias There is only one time that this construct is operationalized We think it can be easily argued that the responses of the subjects could easily have been influenced or manipulated by outside events taking place at the same time Hypothesis Guessing There is a lot of discussion about the possibility of the Olympics coming to Prague throughout this study The participants could easily think that they have the power to influence this event taking place and score the brand personality of the Olympics in a positive light

16. INTERNAL VALIDITY Design X O or X O1,2,3,4,5

17. INTERNAL VALIDITY Temporal precedence: This study doesn’t have Temporal precedence because there is no way reason to prove that something changed before and after the testing. This experiment is having them fill out a questionnaire so there is no need to have a pre-test Covariation: This study doesn’t have Covariation of cause and effect because there is no pre-test and the researches are simply using a questionnaire to find the brand awareness Alternative explanations: Also no alternative explanations because of the reasons stated above

18. INTERNAL VALIDITY Threats: Single group threats History threats

19. Audience questions…