1. MEMORY PERSPECTIVES: INTRODUCTION Week 8 Practical

2. WEEK 8 PRACTICALMEMORY PERSPECTIVES WEEK 1 WEEK 2 WEEK 3 WEEK 4 WEEK 5 WEEK 6 WEEK 7 WEEK 8 WEEK 9 WEEK 10 LECTURE 1PRACTICAL NONPARAMETRICS 11 ST PRACTICAL NONPARAMETRICS 21 ST ANALYSIS IN SPSS SAMPLING DISTRIBUTIONS 1 ST ANALYSIS BY HAND HYPOTHESIS TESTING 2 ND PRACTICAL RELATED T-TEST 2 ND ANALYSIS IN SPSS INDEPENDENT T-TEST INDEPENDENT ANOVA DEPENDENT ANOVA 2 ND ANALYSIS BY HAND 3 RD PRACTICAL 3 RD ANALYSIS IN SPSS NO LECTURENO PRACTICAL No practical

3. Begin to explore the downloaded data set with respect to testing the experimental hypotheses using an appropriate test. Appreciate the way in which the study was carried out and the hypotheses the study is testing. Conduct the Memory Perspectives practical and understand the rationale behind the experiment. BY THE END OF THE SESSION, YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO: Make a start on writing up your INTRODUCTION and METHOD sections for your lab report. WEEK 8 PRACTICALMEMORY PERSPECTIVES

4. You will be given a sheet of paper. You need to read the passage on the paper carefully, bearing in mind the information printed at the top. This experiment should be conducted individually and in quiet, so no gabbing! You will have 5 minutes to do this. PART 1MEMORY PERSPECTIVES

5. EXPERIMENT MEMORY PERSPECTIVES

6. Please put the passage somewhere you cant see it. Now please write down as many details regarding the passage as you can remember. Again, keep it quiet. PART 2MEMORY PERSPECTIVES You will have 5 minutes to do this.

7. EXPERIMENT MEMORY PERSPECTIVES

8. You will now be provided with two checklists. Tick the items that belong on each checklist if they match with what you wrote down. Work out a TOTAL of the number of items recalled on list B. Work out a TOTAL of the number of items recalled on list A. PART 3MEMORY PERSPECTIVES

9. INTRODUCTION Around the 1970s, psychologists became a bit miffed about the artificiality of test materials. There was a movement towards ecological validity in that to understand real world things, we should study real world stimuli. BURGLAR OR BUYER? (Bransford and Johnson, 1972; Pichert & Anderson, 1977) The memory perspectives paradigm was just one expression of this movement. Here, researchers were interested in the extent to which prior knowledge influenced memory. In the study you just completed, the idea is that prior information regarding your own perspective (BURGLAR or BUYER) should influence the types of things you remember. MEMORY PERSPECTIVES

10. Research questions Our current experiment raises two research questions, which generally refer to the idea the perspective adopted by the reader will affect subsequent recall. METHOD Q2: Do BURGLARS and BUYERS have different levels of recall for LIST B (home-buyer relevant items)? DESIGN We assigned a random half of individuals to BURGLAR or BUYER. Q1: Do BURGLARS and BUYERS have different levels of recall for LIST A (burglar relevant items)? MEMORY PERSPECTIVES Both groups checked recall against LIST A (BURGLAR) and LIST B (BUYER). Is this design within- or between-subjects? What is the IV? What is the DV?

11. PARTICIPANTS We can look at the data set straight away: METHOD Here is some demographic information that might be useful. DOWNLOAD AND SAVE THE FILE MEMPER2010.SAV Introduction to the principles of the experiment, links to references and copies of the materials used may be retrieved here: 87 female, 66 male; Age range: 18-40 years; Mean: 24 years; S.D.: 2.5 years DOWNLOAD AND SAVE THE FILE MEMPER_DEBRIEF MEMORY PERSPECTIVES The sample were students at the University of Sussex, none of whom did Psychology.

12. RESULTS The first 2 columns show subject id and group membership. The last two columns show recall for LIST A (BURGLAR) and LIST B (BUYER). MEMORY PERSPECTIVES (Perspect 0 = BURGLAR; Perspect 1 = BUYER)

13. MEMORY PERSPECTIVESDATA TYPES Nominal Name E.g. Gender Ratio Real zero E.g. Height Interval Imaginary zero E.g. Temperature Ordinal Order E.g. Horse racing

14. MEMORY PERSPECTIVESWHAT TEST TO USE? THE FLOW CHART

15. MEMORY PERSPECTIVESPARAMETRIC OR NOT? Data type Ratio Interval Ordinal Nominal NON- PARAMETRIC Homogeneity of variance? SD 2 1 /SD 2 2 > 2 Normal distribution? YesNo PARAMETRIC SD 2 1 /SD 2 2 2

16. NOTES FOR WRITE UP INTRODUCTION METHOD Like a funnel- all roads should lead to the rationale for the experiment. What were the previous studies that lead up to the current one? What were the important psychological concepts and / or distinctions? What was the outline of the current study and what were the hypotheses? Must be include enough detail for someone else to replicate the experiment. Standard structure: Participants / Materials / Design / Procedure. Refer the reader to appendices if including lengthy materials. Avoid bullet points or lists because the method section is prose too. MEMORY PERSPECTIVES

17. WEEK 8 PRACTICALMEMORY PERSPECTIVES Begin to explore the downloaded data set with respect to testing the experimental hypotheses using an appropriate test. Appreciate the way in which the study was carried out and the hypotheses the study is testing. Conduct the Memory Perspectives practical and understand the rationale behind the experiment. BY THE END OF THE SESSION, YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO: Make a start on writing up your INTRODUCTION and METHOD sections for your lab report.

18. DISCUSSION GET TOGETHER IN GROUPS OF THREE OR FOUR AND REFLECT ON TODAYS EXPERIENCE USING THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS What kind of test is appropriate for this design? How much do you trust self-report? Did you take a peek at the passage? How would you have conducted the experiment? Were the two memory perspectives equivalent? MEMORY PERSPECTIVES