1. Harvard Referencing and Bibliographies

2. Aims WHAT they are. Their PURPOSE. HOW to create one. WHERE to place one within your assignment.

3. What is referencing for? Acknowledges the work of other writers. Demonstrates the knowledge which has influenced your writing. Enables the reader of your assignment to identify the sources used. Correct referencing enables you to avoid plagiarism.

4. What types of material should I reference? Books Journals, magazines and newspapers TV & Film DVD’s Internet documents (E.g. Websites, web pages) In fact any information source.

5. Definition of Terms CITATION – brief details of the source of your quote or ideas stated in the main body of your text. REFERENCE – Full details of the publication that you have referred to in your text, placed at the end of your work, enabling the reader to trace the document quickly and easily. BIBLIOGRAPHY – the list of all references/sources used.

6. Citations Naming the author in the text If you name the author in the sentence then you simply give the year of publication in brackets after the citation. There is no need to cite the author again. Example: In a recent study, Smith (2002, p.14) has found much evidence to suggest the chicken came before the egg.

7. Citations No referral to author in the text If it does not make sense to name the author in your sentence, include the author’s name in the brackets. Example: There is much evidence to suggest that chickens were here before eggs. (Smith, 2002, p.14)

8. Referencing a Book Lawton, A. and Rose, A.G. (1991), Organisation and management in the public sector, London: Pitman. Smith, P. (1996), How to write an assignment, 2 nd ed., Plymouth: How To Books. Spence, B. (ed.) (1993), Secondary school management in the 1990’s: challenge and change, London: Independent Publishers.

9. Referencing a chapter Porter, M.A. (1993), The modification in researching postgraduate education, In: Burgess, R.G. (ed.), The research process in educational settings: ten case studies. London: Falmer Press, pp.35-47.

10. Referencing a Journal or Newspapers Baty, P. (1998), “Learners are born, says report”, Times Higher Education Supplement, 16 January, p.5. Bennett, H. Gunter, H. and Reid, S. (1996), “Through a glass darkly: images of appraisal”, Journal of Teacher Development, Vol.5 No3 October, pp.39-46.

11. Referencing Internet documents Britart (2005), Britart.com [online]. London: Britart Online Ltd. Available from: http://www.britart.com/artwords/discoverart2.a spx [Accessed 2 March 2005]. Harvard Business Review (2005), Harvard Business Review on-line [internet], Available from: http://www.harvardbusinessreview.com [Accessed 28 th September 2005]

12. Key things to remember Keep a list Be consistent and have a keen eye for detail Practice Ask for help!