1. THE RISE OF ISLAM THE PROPHET MUHAMMAD THE PROPHET MUHAMMAD Revelations Revelations At 40, heard the voice of GABRIEL the angel At 40, heard the voice of GABRIEL the angel Told him he was a messenger of God - PROPHET. Told him he was a messenger of God - PROPHET. Told him he was the last of the PROPHETS. Told him he was the last of the PROPHETS. All other PROPHETS must be abandoned All other PROPHETS must be abandoned ISLAM - “submission to the will of Allah ISLAM - “submission to the will of Allah MUSLIM- “one who has submitted” MUSLIM- “one who has submitted” The Hijrah The Hijrah Hijrah – Muhammad’s journey from Yahtrib to MECCA– later named Medina. Hijrah – Muhammad’s journey from Yahtrib to MECCA– later named Medina. The journey attracted many FOLLOWERS. The journey attracted many FOLLOWERS. Became a political, religious and MILITARY leader. Became a political, religious and MILITARY leader. Returning to Mecca Returning to Mecca Muslims and Meccans battled each other Muslims and Meccans battled each other Mecca’s power as a trade center DECLINED. Mecca’s power as a trade center DECLINED. Mecca’s leaders surrendered to MUHAMMAD. Mecca’s leaders surrendered to MUHAMMAD. He entered the city and had the call to PRAYER. He entered the city and had the call to PRAYER. Muhammad died two years later at the age of 62. Muhammad died two years later at the age of 62.

2. Beliefs and Practices of Islam Only one God - MONOTHEISM Only one God - MONOTHEISM There is good and evil and each person is responsible for their life. There is good and evil and each person is responsible for their life. The Holy book of Muslims - KORAN The Holy book of Muslims - KORAN All will stand before Allah after death for JUDGEMENT All will stand before Allah after death for JUDGEMENT The Five Pillars of Islam The Five Pillars of Islam 1. - belief in Allah and Muhammad is the profit of his word. FAITH FAITH 2. - five times a day, at a mosque (Islamic house of worship), or wherever they find themselves. PRAYER PRAYER 3. - support the less fortunate ALMS ALMS 4. - during the holy month of Ramadan, eat and drink nothing between dawn and sunset. FASTING FASTING 5. - once in a lifetime, all Muslims must journey to Mecca. PILGRIMAGE PILGRIMAGE

3. Beliefs and Practices of Islam Believers are forbidden to eat PORK or drink wine or other intoxicating beverages. Believers are forbidden to eat PORK or drink wine or other intoxicating beverages. Muhammad’s example of how to live your life is called SUNNA Muhammad’s example of how to live your life is called SUNNA To Muslims, Allah is the same God worshiped in CHRISTIANITY and Judaism. To Muslims, Allah is the same God worshiped in CHRISTIANITY and Judaism. Qur’an is same as Jewish Torah (Old Testament) and the Christian’s NEW TESTAMENT Qur’an is same as Jewish Torah (Old Testament) and the Christian’s NEW TESTAMENT

4. 10.2 NOTES THE SPREAD OF ISLAM MUHAMMAD’S SUCCESSORS SPREAD ISLAM MUHAMMAD’S SUCCESSORS SPREAD ISLAM CALIPH means “successor” or “deputy” CALIPH means “successor” or “deputy” 4 “Rightly Guided” 4 “Rightly Guided”CALIPHS Abu-Bakr, Umar, Uthman, and Ali Abu-Bakr, Umar, Uthman, and Ali All knew All knewMUHAMMAD Well-disciplined armies overwhelmed forces Well-disciplined armies overwhelmed forces Conquered peoples allowed to choose religion Conquered peoples allowed to choose religion Many convert to Many convert to ISLAM.

5. CONFLICT WITHIN A THE MUSLIMS Umayyad’s family- Set up a hereditary system of succession Set up a hereditary system of succession Moved capital to Moved capital to DAMASCUS, (Syria) Muslims felt capital was moved too far from homeland Muslims felt capital was moved too far from homeland Began to surround themselves with wealth Began to surround themselves with wealth Sunni-Shi’a Split Sunni-Shi’a Split Those who accepted Umayyad’s rule – Those who accepted Umayyad’s rule –SUNNI Those who did not accept Umayyad’s rule – Those who did not accept Umayyad’s rule – SHI’A – (Caliph needed to be relative of Muhammad) The SUFI pursued a life of poverty and devotion in reaction to the Umayyads. The SUFI pursued a life of poverty and devotion in reaction to the Umayyads. The ABBASIDS overthrow the Umayyads The ABBASIDS overthrow the Umayyads

6. MUSLIMS CONTROL THREE CONTINENTS A member of the ABBASIDS family set up a dynasty in Spain A member of the ABBASIDS family set up a dynasty in Spain Abbasids consolidate power Abbasids consolidate power Iraq, Iran, and central ASIA. Iraq, Iran, and central ASIA. Moved Capital in 762 to BAGHDAD, Iraq. Moved Capital in 762 to BAGHDAD, Iraq. Rival Groups Divide Muslim lands Rival Groups Divide Muslim lands Independent Muslim states sprang up. Independent Muslim states sprang up. The FATIMID Dynasty named after Muhammad’s daughter Fatima began across North Africa and spread Arabia and Syria. The FATIMID Dynasty named after Muhammad’s daughter Fatima began across North Africa and spread Arabia and Syria.

7. Muslim Trade Network Two seas linked the Muslim Empire together, the Two seas linked the Muslim Empire together, the MEDITERRANEAN and the INDIAN OCEAN MEDITERRANEAN and the INDIAN OCEAN Set up a money system called Set up a money system calledDinar Muslim merchants set up banks in cities throughout the Empire. Muslim merchants set up banks in cities throughout the Empire. Set up a check system where checks could be cashed in any bank throughout the Empire, called Set up a check system where checks could be cashed in any bank throughout the Empire, calledSAKK Many non-Muslims adopted the Arabic language and Muslim Many non-Muslims adopted the Arabic language and Muslim CUSTOMS. In Cairo, Cordoba Damascus and BAGHDAD, a cultural blending of people fueled a period of immense achievements in the arts and the sciences. In Cairo, Cordoba Damascus and BAGHDAD, a cultural blending of people fueled a period of immense achievements in the arts and the sciences.

8. LASTING EFFECTS OF ISLAM Permanent Capital in Permanent Capital in BAGHDAD, Iraq Four Social Classes Four Social Classes Upper = Born Upper = BornMUSLIM 2nd Class = Converted to 2nd Class = Converted toMUSLIM 3 rd Class = 3 rd Class = Non-Muslim, (protected people) Included Christians and Jews Included Christians and Jews 4 th Class = 4 th Class =SLAVES

9. LASTING EFFECTS OF ISLAM 1. Muslim Scholarship The Prophet Muhammad emphasized learning and education. The Prophet Muhammad emphasized learning and education. Much European knowledge and studies were preserved in a library / museum in Baghdad called the Much European knowledge and studies were preserved in a library / museum in Baghdad called the House of Wisdom 2. Arts and Sciences Medicine = a Persian scholar named Al-Razi was one of the leading physicians who wrote a book on the prevention of smallpox called the Medicine = a Persian scholar named Al-Razi was one of the leading physicians who wrote a book on the prevention of smallpox called the Treatise on Small pox and Measels Math = Al- Khwarizimi, wrote a book on the bringing together of unknowns to match a known quantity called “AL-JABR” or Math = Al- Khwarizimi, wrote a book on the bringing together of unknowns to match a known quantity called “AL-JABR” orALGEBRA Art and Archetecture = invention of beautiful handwriting called Art and Archetecture = invention of beautiful handwriting calledCALLIGRAPHY The Greatest cultural blending of the Muslim world can be seen in its The Greatest cultural blending of the Muslim world can be seen in itsARCHITECTURE Mosques were a Blending of Roman Catholic, Byzantine, and Muslim worlds. Mosques were a Blending of Roman Catholic, Byzantine, and Muslim worlds.