1. 10 The Muslim World, 600–1250 The Rise of Islam The Spread of Islam
QUIT 10
CHAPTER
The Muslim World, 600–1250
Chapter Overview
Time Line
SECTION 1
The Rise of Islam
GRAPH
SECTION 2
The Spread of Islam
IMAGE
SECTION 3
Muslim Achievement
Visual Summary

2. HOME 10
CHAPTER
The Muslim World, 600–1250
Chapter Overview
Islam arises in Arabia and, through conquest, Muslims spread their empire and Muhammad’s teachings to three continents. Despite a split in the empire, its trade increases and its people prosper. In cities a variety of cultures and traditions blend, and scholarship flourishes.

3. 10 The Muslim World, 600–1250 HOME Time Line 600 1250
CHAPTER
The Muslim World, 600–1250
Time Line
762 Muslim capital moves to Baghdad.
1000s Muslim scholars, who preserved Greek medical works, share them with Europeans.
600
1250
632 Muhammad returns to Mecca after making the Hijrah to Medina.
800s Al-Khwarizmi writes the first algebra textbook.
1100s Muslim literature flourishes.

4. The Rise of Islam Key Idea 1
HOME 1
The Rise of Islam
Key Idea
The Prophet Muhammad founds the religion of Islam and helps spread its ideas throughout the Arabian Peninsula, unifying the Arabs. Islam is a powerful influence on all aspects of its followers’ lives.
Overview
Assessment

5. The Rise of Islam Overview 1 • Allah • Muhammad • Islam • Muslim
HOME 1
The Rise of Islam
TERMS & NAMES
Overview
• Allah
• Muhammad
• Islam
• Muslim
• Hijrah
• Qur’an
• mosque
• hajj
• Sunna
• shari’a
MAIN IDEA
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
Muhammad unified the Arab people both politically and through the religion of Islam.
As the world’s fastest growing major religion, Islam has a strong impact on the lives of millions today.
Assessment

6. Events in the Life of Muhammad
HOME 1
The Rise of Islam
Section 1
Assessment
1. Write at least three details about each of the following categories: (1) events in the life of Muhammad; (2) beliefs of Islam; and (3) sources of authority.
Islam
Events in the Life of Muhammad
Beliefs of Islam
Sources of Authority
one God, Allah; Five Pillars;
rules for personal life;
tolerance of Jews and Christians
Allah;
Qur’an;
Sunna
divine revelations;
Hijrah to Medina;
Mecca captured
continued . . .

7. HOME 1
The Rise of Islam
Section 1
Assessment
2. Explain how the beliefs and practices of Islam created unity and strength among Muslims in the 600s. THINK ABOUT
• why individuals felt they were part of a community
• what Muslims did to carry out the Five Pillars of Islam
• how Muslims viewed the relationship between religion and politics
ANSWER
Possible Responses:
• Fasting and making a pilgrimage to Mecca gave Muslims common experiences.
• Facing Mecca to pray and giving alms reminded individuals of their membership in a community.
End of Section 1

8. The Spread of Islam Key Idea 2
HOME 2
The Spread of Islam
GRAPH
Key Idea
Through conquest, Muslims create an empire that stretches from Spain to India. Although the empire later splits among different groups, its people continue to speak Arabic and to maintain a lucrative Muslim trade network.
Overview
Assessment

9. The Spread of Islam Overview 2 • caliph • Umayyads • Shi’a • Sunni
HOME 2
The Spread of Islam
GRAPH
TERMS & NAMES
Overview
• caliph
• Umayyads
• Shi’a
• Sunni
• Sufi
• Abbasids
• al-Andalus
• Fatimid
MAIN IDEA
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
In spite of internal conflicts, the Muslims created a huge empire that included lands on three continents.
Muslims’ influence on three continents produced cultural blending that has continued into the modern world.
Assessment

10. HOME 2
The Spread of Islam
GRAPH
Section 2
Assessment
1. For each group of rulers, identify the period of their rule and at least two developments that affected the growth or strength of Islam during that period.
Rulers
Developments in Islam
Period of Rule
Rightly Guided
Caliphs
Spread of Islam east and west,
tolerance of Jews and Christians
Umayyads
Split between Sunni and Shi’a,
development of Sufi movement
Abbasids
Shift of capital to Baghdad,
growth of Muslim trade network
continued . . .

11. HOME 2
The Spread of Islam
GRAPH
Section 2
Assessment
2. How do you think Shi’a Muslims felt about the Abbasids taking power in 750? THINK ABOUT
• how the Shi’a viewed the Umayyads
• where the Shi’a lived
• actions of Abbasids while in power
ANSWER
Possible Responses:
The Shi’a may have supported the Abbasids’ takeover because they found the Umayyads too worldly and because both they and the Abbasids were based in Persia.
The Shi’a may have opposed the Abbasids’ worldly focus on trade and empire.
continued . . .

12. HOME 2
The Spread of Islam
GRAPH
Section 2
Assessment
3. What evidence supports the conclusion that the Islamic empires were well-run? THINK ABOUT
• relationships between Muslims and non-Muslims
• efforts to promote trade
• the role of the military
ANSWER
Possible Responses:
Muslims’ tolerance of non-Muslims won non-Muslims’ support.
Well-trained, well-led Muslim armies suggest Muslim leaders ran military affairs well.
Muslims’ banks and single currency helped trade.
End of Section 2

13. Muslim Achievement Key Idea 3
HOME 3
Muslim Achievement
IMAGE
Key Idea
Muslim society, centered in cities, benefits from a mix of cultures and traditions. Learning flourishes in this environment, and Muslim scholars make important advances in the arts and sciences.
Overview
Assessment

14. Muslim Achievement Overview 3 • House of Wisdom • calligraphy
HOME 3
Muslim Achievement
IMAGE
TERMS & NAMES
Overview
• House of Wisdom
• calligraphy
MAIN IDEA
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
Muslims combined and preserved the traditions of many peoples and also advanced learning in a variety of areas.
Many of the ideas developed during this time became the basis of today’s scientific and academic disciplines.
Assessment

15. growth of math and astronomy
HOME 3
Muslim Achievement
IMAGE
Section 3
Assessment
1. The key elements of Muslim culture were science and math, urban life, arts and literature, and society. Write three aspects about each of these elements.
Muslim Culture
Science and Math
Urban Life
Arts and Literature
Society
House of Wisdom;
medical advances;
growth of math and astronomy
Cities like Baghdad and Córdoba; home to learning centers; linked to other cities by trade
No pictures of the prophet; calligraphy as an art form; poetry highly valued
Four classes; protection of women’s legal rights; tolerance of other religions and customs
continued . . .

16. HOME 3
Muslim Achievement
IMAGE
Section 3
Assessment
2. List what you consider to be the five most significant developments in scholarship and the arts during the reign of the Abbasids. THINK ABOUT
• reasons for each development
• immediate and practical impact
• long-term significance
ANSWER
Possible Responses:
Algebra
House of Wisdom
Calligraphy
Astronomy
Muslim architecture: Great Mosque of Damascus
End of Section 3