1. Objectives Discuss the developments that led to the Reformation. Discuss the developments that led to the Reformation. Describe how Martin Luther protested against the Roman Catholic Church and began a new church. Describe how Martin Luther protested against the Roman Catholic Church and began a new church. Identify the factors that caused the spread of Protestantism. Identify the factors that caused the spread of Protestantism.

2. Objectives Describe how the Catholic Church responded to the Reformation. Describe how the Catholic Church responded to the Reformation. Discuss the results of the Reformation and the Counter – Reformation. Discuss the results of the Reformation and the Counter – Reformation.

3. Chapter 15 Section 3 & 4 Terms ReformationIndulgences Martin Luther Henry VIII John Calvin Counter-Reformation Council of Trent

4. The Protestant Reformation Christian churches break away from the Roman Catholic Church. New Christian churches are formed. Christian churches break away from the Roman Catholic Church. New Christian churches are formed. Took place in what is now Germany. Took place in what is now Germany. Germany was not a unified nation yet. It was made up of about 300 independent states. Germany was not a unified nation yet. It was made up of about 300 independent states. The weak rulers could not control independent ideas about religion or abuses of power by the popes. The weak rulers could not control independent ideas about religion or abuses of power by the popes.

5. Martin Luther Martin Luther developed beliefs that later became known as Lutheranism. Martin Luther developed beliefs that later became known as Lutheranism. 1517, Luther publicly criticized the selling of indulgences by the Pope and Johann Tetzel (a fellow monk). 1517, Luther publicly criticized the selling of indulgences by the Pope and Johann Tetzel (a fellow monk). Indulgences: Pay $ to be forgiven of sins. Indulgences: Pay $ to be forgiven of sins. Luther posted his 95 theses (or statements) about indulgences on a church door. Luther posted his 95 theses (or statements) about indulgences on a church door. Because Luther had challenged church practices he was denounced by church leaders. Because Luther had challenged church practices he was denounced by church leaders. By 1520 Luther openly disagreed with many other church doctrines. By 1520 Luther openly disagreed with many other church doctrines.

6. Martin Luther’s Break with the Church 1521 Pope Leo X declared Luther a heretic, and excommunicated him. 1521 Pope Leo X declared Luther a heretic, and excommunicated him. The Holy Roman Emperor Charles V summoned Luther to the city of Worms and commanded him to abandon his ideas. (Imperial Diet of Worms) The Holy Roman Emperor Charles V summoned Luther to the city of Worms and commanded him to abandon his ideas. (Imperial Diet of Worms) Luther refused and was banned from printing his work. Luther refused and was banned from printing his work. Frederick the Wise, the elector of Saxony helped protect Luther after the Diet of Worms. Frederick the Wise, the elector of Saxony helped protect Luther after the Diet of Worms. With the support of Frederick, Luther translated the Bible into German. With the support of Frederick, Luther translated the Bible into German.

7. The Spread of Protestantism Many German rulers established the Lutheran Church within their states. Many German rulers established the Lutheran Church within their states. Charles V tired to stop the spread of Protestantism. Charles V tired to stop the spread of Protestantism. 1546 Charles V sent armies against the Protestant German rulers. 1546 Charles V sent armies against the Protestant German rulers. 1555 the Peace of Augsburg stated German rulers had right to choose the religion for their state. 1555 the Peace of Augsburg stated German rulers had right to choose the religion for their state. Almost all the German states chose the Lutheran Church. Almost all the German states chose the Lutheran Church.

8. The Church of England England’s break from the Roman Catholic Church was political. England’s break from the Roman Catholic Church was political. Henry VIII wanted a divorce from his wife Catherine of Aragon. Henry VIII wanted a divorce from his wife Catherine of Aragon. Pope Clement VII refused to grant the divorce. Pope Clement VII refused to grant the divorce. Henry VIII started his own church, the Church of England (the Anglican Church) Henry VIII started his own church, the Church of England (the Anglican Church)

9. Calvinism In the 1530s John Calvin founded a Protestant church in Switzerland. In the 1530s John Calvin founded a Protestant church in Switzerland. 1536 he published his beliefs in “The Institutes of the Christian Religion”. 1536 he published his beliefs in “The Institutes of the Christian Religion”. By the 1600s Calvinist churches were well established in many parts of Europe. By the 1600s Calvinist churches were well established in many parts of Europe.

10. Does yours look like this? GoalMethods Used Revive Spirituality1.Ended abuses surrounding sale of indulgences. 2.Tightened discipline within clergy. Combat Heresy1.Brought the inquisition to Rome. 2.Established Index of Forbidden Books. Define Catholic Doctrine1.Supported dependence on priests. 2.Salvation through ceremonial actions and individual faith. 3.Notion of free will in every person. Slow the Spread of Protestantism 1.Better educated priests worked more forcefully for the church. 2.Old and new religious orders such as Jesuits spread Catholicism.

11. Counter–Reformation 1530s the Catholic Church began a major reform effort, called the Counter–Reformation (or Catholic Reformation) 1530s the Catholic Church began a major reform effort, called the Counter–Reformation (or Catholic Reformation) Goals of the Counter - Reformation Goals of the Counter - Reformation –Return the church’s emphasis to spiritual matters. –Make its doctrines more clear. –Campaign to stop the spread of Protestantism.

12. Counter–Reformation tactics Pope Paul III appointed devout and learned men as bishops and cardinals. Pope Paul III appointed devout and learned men as bishops and cardinals. Brought the Inquisition to Rome. Brought the Inquisition to Rome. Did not use Inquisitions to punish Protestants Did not use Inquisitions to punish Protestants Goal was to keep Catholics within the church Goal was to keep Catholics within the church Pope Paul IV established the Index of Forbidden Books. Pope Paul IV established the Index of Forbidden Books.

13. The Council of Trent 1545, Pope Paul III called a meeting of church leaders to the city of Trent. 1545, Pope Paul III called a meeting of church leaders to the city of Trent. The Council of Trent met 3 times between 1545 and 1563 The Council of Trent met 3 times between 1545 and 1563 Defined the official church position on matters of doctrine. Defined the official church position on matters of doctrine. Ended the sale of indulgences. Ended the sale of indulgences. Tightened discipline within the clergy. Tightened discipline within the clergy. Supported beliefs that Protestants had rejected. Supported beliefs that Protestants had rejected.

14. Jesuits Jesuits: the Society of Jesus. Jesuits: the Society of Jesus. Founded by Ignatius de Loyola in 1534. Founded by Ignatius de Loyola in 1534. 1540, Pope Paul III recognized the Jesuits as an official order of the Catholic Church. 1540, Pope Paul III recognized the Jesuits as an official order of the Catholic Church. Followers took vows of chastity, poverty, and obedience to the pope. Followers took vows of chastity, poverty, and obedience to the pope. Organized like a military group. Organized like a military group. Became the most effective group at spreading Catholicism. Became the most effective group at spreading Catholicism. Stressed education, and founded some of the best colleges in Europe. Stressed education, and founded some of the best colleges in Europe.

15. Results of the Religious Upheaval Appearance of many different churches in Europe. Appearance of many different churches in Europe. A strong interest in education. A strong interest in education. Reading became increasingly important. Reading became increasingly important. Increase in the power of national governments. Increase in the power of national governments. Decrease in the power of the pope. Decrease in the power of the pope.

16. Review How did the Catholic Church respond to the Reformation? How did the Catholic Church respond to the Reformation? What were the results of the Reformation and the Counter – Reformation? What were the results of the Reformation and the Counter – Reformation?