1. War and peace Issues and morality

2. War Inter group lethal conflict marked by much killing having a momentum of its own resulting in planned death and destruction Declared/legal Generally just ends things/resolves nothing?

3. Characteristics of war Open armed legitimate conflict Active hostility/struggle Military operation (church) a necessary evil

4. war One group hurting another group to keep that group from hurting them. Lesson of war…is NO MORE WAR War is not glorifying, it is horrifying.

5. Causes Economic- control of resources eventual oppression and often revolt (church calls for stewardship) Political – ruling and economic advantage (church calls for balance of power…empower the powerless) Cultural – ideologies and belief systems difference (tolerance)

6. Basic Cause Selfishness, greed, fear and anger

7. Church teaching Church history regarding war—see page 212 Peace of God—treaty declaring non-combatant immunity Truce of God– treaty declaring war could not occur during Advent, Lent, Easter, Christmas, or any holydays…only about 80 days of the year. Excommunication if not obeyed Just War Tradition- St. Augustine author (pg 213)

8. Church teaching 1983- US Bishops--The Challenge of Peace: God’s Promise and Our Response(211-212) Defensive posture Use of a nuclear weapon morally unacceptable(214) First strike, morally unacceptable Condemned testing, buildup, stockpiling, proliferation of nuclear weapons Encouraged bilateral disarmament

9. Terrorism Terrorist acts not done in the name of a country but a cause Separating combatants from non- combatants is quite difficult Success not easily measured/visible Terrorism built on contempt for human life It is a crime against humanity

10. Terrorism Therefore there is a right to defend oneself against terrorism with respect for moral and legal limits. See pg. 215 Guilty to be identified and held as personally culpable. Guilt is not to be extended to nation, ethnic group or religion that terrorist belongs to.

11. Peace Law, order, harmony, serenity, calm A community that expresses a spirit of justice and interpersonal love. A community that preserves and listens for truth.

12. Peaceful means Nonviolence—conflict-resolving techniques that do not rely on physical or psychological injury of an enemy. See handout Enemy –seen as the lie Nonviolence is active resistance Seeks to defeat injustice not people Seeks friendship and understanding In deep faith believes suffering can transform and educate. Accepts consequences of actions.

13. Pacifism Active-peacemaking…nonviolent conflict resolution is seen as only choice Seek truth, blend truth, reject falsehoods, arbitrate, negotiate resolve.

14. Jesus and Peace Jesus made nonviolence response clear Love your enemies, pray for your persecutors, turn the other cheek, forgive, forgive, forgive everyone, everything (Morrie) Not just a personal, but also a communal response.

15. Traditional church teaching- continued Conscientious objection-page 217 Non-violence/Pacifism –see p.216