1. Kingdom Protista

2. Kingdom Protista
Definition – Protists are the most diverse Kingdom of eukaryotes
Diverse – Different
Eukaryote – Organized nucleus and organelles (plants, animals, fungi)
Do any of these protists look the same?

3. 3 Key Points of Protists Protists are eukaryotic
Protists are the most diverse group of organisms
No high level organization, simplist form of eukaryote

4. Five Groups of Protists
Ancient : Bacteria-like
Euglenoids : Plant-like and Animal-like (flagella)
Alveolata : Plant-like and Animal-like
Algae : Plant-like
Slime Molds: Fungus-like

5. Ancient Protists
The first Protists resemebled the simple types of organisms.
Bacteria!!!
A prokaryotic organism
**Ancient protists are the first eukaryotic organisms
Nucleus is enclosed

6. Ancient Protists (cont’d)
**Scientist believe that ancient protists are the first eukaryotic organisms because …
Have first membrane bound nucleus
Do not have mitochondria
Mitochondria = Energy
Where does the Energy Come from?

7. Ancient Protists (cont’d)
Protists that lack mitochondria get their energy from…
THEIR ENVIRONMENT!!!
Giardia live in the intestines of animals
They get their food through absorbtion

8. Giardia (Beaver Fever)
Characteristics of Giardia
Two large nuclei
Flagella for movement
Transmitted through oral-fecal route
Causes severe diarrhea
Think Twice before drinking that stream water!!!

9. Euglenoids
Unlike Ancient Protists, Eugleonoids have a single large mitochondria.
Known as flagellates
Single flagella
Animal-like (heterotrophs)
Plant-like (autotrophs)

10. Euglena Autotrophic Heterotrophic Absorb nutrients from environment
Engulfing their prey by phagocytosis
Anterior Flagellum

11. Trypanosoma (African Sleeping Sickness)
Infects humans, domestic, and wild animals
Destroys red blood cells
= Loss of HEMOBLOBIN
= Loss of Oxygen to the cells
= Weakness
= Death
Wormlike with dorsal flagellum

12. Trypanosoma cruzi
Kissing bug
Sucks blood and defecates at same time
Feces itches=scratching
Trypanosoma brucei
Tsetse fly
Transmitted through bite

13. Alveolata (Protozoans)
Very diverse group
Most are animal-like
Cilia covered bodies
May are disease causeing
Heterotrophic
Englufing by phagocytosis

14. Phagocytosis (process of capturing food)

15. Dinoflagellates Marine phytoplankton Float neat waters surface
Red in color
Dinoflagellate Blooms
Reproductive rates increase
Too many dinoglagellates
Causes water to become toxic
Known as Red Tide

16. Paramecium Characteristics Single celled Ciliates
Cillia beat to cause currents
Use to get food
Heterotrophic
Oral groove

17. Amoeba Characteristics Single Celled Use pseudopods to get food
Pseudopods = fingerlike extensions
Extend pseudopods around food and engluf it.

18. Radiolarian Marine Organisms Shells made of silica
Use points for feeding
When a radiolarian dies, it’s shell sinks to the floor of the ocean. In some places these shell remains are over 100 meters thick.

19. Algal Protists *** All Algae are photosynthetic (autotrophs)
Most are grouped by the color of their pigments.
Blue Greens – Chlorophyll
Red – xanthophyll
Brown – xanthopyll and caritinoids
Golden - chrysophyll

20. Mixed Diatoms (unicellular)
Live in Glass Houses
Yellow or Brown in Color
Freshwater and marine
Made of silica
Uses of Diatoms
Toothpaste, deodorant, filtering, creating fire resistant products

21. Volvox (colonial) Colonial organism Colonies with daughter colonies
Colonies may be over 500 cells
Pond algae
Autotrophic (green in color)
Each has a pair of flagella
beat at same time to move colony

22. Kelp (multicellular)

23. Kelp (multicellular) Type of organization
Kelp forests offer habitat for aquatic organisms
Would you eat kelp? Most sushi is wrapped in kelp.
Fastest growing organism (60m in one year)

24. Slime Molds Very much like fungi little organization
very complex reproduction (unlike fungi)

25. Plasmodium Slime Molds
Unicellular
Very complex organism
amoeba-like
swarm to large plasma cell
The pictures on the right is one cell, with thousands of nuclei!!

26. Cellular Slime Molds Multicellular Have little “fruiting bodies”
Reproduce asexually

27. Summary Protists are the most diverse Kingdom
Some are like : bacteria, plants, animals, fungi
They can be autotrophic or heterotrophic
Most are unicellular, but can be multi or colonial