1. May 4 th (4:00pm) Multiple choice (50 points) Short answer (50 points)

2. (A)Random, Regular, Clustered (B)Clustered, Regular, Random 1. Describe the following point patterns

3. 2. Positive spatial autocorrelation refers to : (A) Features that are similar in location are also similar in attributes (B) Features that are similar in location are dissimilar in attributes (C) Features are independent of location

4. 3. Which of the following is a correct description for the relationship between X and Y as in Y=12-0.001X: (A) X and Y are positively correlated. (B) X and Y are strongly positively correlated. (C) X and Y are negatively correlated. (D) X and Y are weakly negatively correlated.

5. 4. A GIS analyst wants to test the accuracy of his new GPS receiver. He finds two points that are exactly 100.0 meters away. The GPS measurements are 101.0, 100.0, 99.0, 98.0, and 103.0 meters. What is the variance of the measurements? (A) 0.0. (B) 3.0. (C) 1.0. (D) 3.75.

7. Z1=190, Z2=220, cell size=100meter Slope angle?

8. 4. How to characterize the geographical complexity of a polygon? Area = 25 sqr miles Perimeter = 7 miles Area = 25 sqr miles Perimeter = 15 miles

9. Refer to the following figure. Show the output raster if the neighborhood operations uses the majority value

10. Describe the common types of filters used in the neighborhood operation.

11. 1. In North America, the first datum was devised in 1866. It characterized the earth’s ellipsoid as having an equatorial axis of 6,378,206.4 meters and a polar axis of 6,356,538.8 meters. What is the flattening factor for this ellipsoid? (A) 0.0034 (B) 0.034 (C) 0.5 (D) Not enough information to tell

12. 2. When we apply “water dominates” rule in handling mixed cells of a raster grid, we will have: (A) More cells coded as water. (B) Fewer cells codes as water. (C) Higher accuracy representing water areas. (D) More cells codes as “edge.”

13. 3. When we use raster data model to represent a lake, which of the following will happen? (A) The shape of the lake can be distorted. (B) The area of the lake can be measured accurately by counting the number of cells that fall in the lake. (C) The lake can be clearly seen even if cell size is larger than the size of the lake. (D) The lake can be clearly seen in the grid as long as cell size is the same size as that of the lake.

14. 3. Longitude at 80° 20' 45“west is equal to the decimal degrees of: (A) 80.20W (B) 80.35W (C) 80.34W (D) 80.21W

15. 4. If you are standing on the equator at 76 degrees longitude west, which UTM zone you are located: (A) 17 (B) 18 (C) 19 (D) Not enough information to tell.

16. 5. If a section of a road in the real world is 50km long, and it is represented on a map with a line that is 10 cm long, what is the map scale? (A) 1:5,000 (B) 1:50,000 (C) 1:500,000 (D) None of above

17. 6. What is the longitude of central meridian for UTM zone 12? (A) -108 (B) -111 (C) -105 (D) None of above

18. 7. Small scale map tend to show more details A.True B. False

19. 8. About state plan coordinate system zones for the United States, which of following statements is correct? A. Each zone covers an entire state. B. Sometime two or more states share one SPC zone. C. Sometime one state can have more than one SPC zones. D. Boundaries of SPC zones may cross state borders.

20. 8. Which of the following photon carries the highest amount of energy: (A) A photon in the red spectrum. (B) A photon in the blue spectrum. (C) A photon in the green spectrum. (D) A photon in the near-infrared spectrum.

21. 9. Which fact about raster data model is not correct? A. (0,0) is at the upper-left corner. B. Each cell contains a single value. C. Provides precise locational information. D. Need for large storage capacity.

22. Short answer questions 1. Describe four measurement levels (ordinal, nominal, interval, and ratio) for geographic data. Provide at least one example for each of the measurement level.

23. 2. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of SPCS vs. UTM

24. 3. Describe four key characteristics (resolutions) of remote sensing data. (6 points)