1. The Shaw Memorial An Example of Artistic Meanings in Multiple Genres, Across Time, Around an Event of Significance

3. Augustus Saint-Gaudens, The Shaw Memorial, 1884-98

4. Augustus Saint-Gaudens (1848-1907) Saint-Gaudens born in Dublin, Ireland, to mixed Irish/French parentage Moved to US with parents while still an infant One of America ’ s best- known public sculptors in the 19 th century Commissioned for Shaw Memorial in 1884, unveiling in Boston 1898

5. Precursors and Background

6. Robert Gould Shaw Born to a prominent Abolitionist family in 1837. – Did not share beliefs of abolition. Studied at the University of Harvard from 1856-1859 – After 1859 Shaw dropped out, because he was unsure of what he wanted to do with his life. At the beginning of the American Civil War in 1861 he enlisted in the 7 th New York Infantry. – Served for 30 days in defense of Washington D.C.. Regiment was abolished after the 30 days. On May of 1861 Shaw became a second lieutenant in the 2 nd Massachusetts Infantry, in which he served 2 years, and later attained rank of Captain. In March of 1863 Shaw was appointed to raise and command the 54 th regiment. – The first regiment of African American troops in the Union Army. Civil War Trust." Robert Gould Shaw. Civilwar.com, n.d. Web. 13 Nov. 2012.. Slide by: Bert Stewart

7. Massachusetts 54 th Regiment – African-American Union Civil War Regiment – led by white officers, most notably Robert Gould Shaw (1837-1863) 54 th organized in 1863, idea proposed and discussed by Union leaders, Abolitionists, and prominent African- Americans, including Frederick Douglass In training February-May 1863 In parade in Boston – May 1863 (Douglass and John Greenleaf Whittier present) To battlefield along SC & GA coast – June 1863 Assault on Fort Wagner – July 16, 1863 (Harriet Tubman & Clare Barton present)

8. Assault on Ft. Wagner, 1863 Colonel Shaw and many of his men killed Confederate soldiers buried Shaw and Black soldiers in a common grave, considering this an insult to Shaw

9. William Carney Member of Massachusetts 54th First African-American to receive the Medal of Honor Noted for rescuing the flag when Col. Shaw fell at Ft. Wagner

10. Statistics of the Assault on Fort Wagner 272 of the 600 were killed, captured, or wounded Of those: – 116 were killed – 15 captured – 149 were wounded 52 men were reported missing in action Lauren Rhodes

11. Poets Inspired by the Events James Russell Lowell William Vaughn Moody John Berryman Thomas Bailey Aldrich Paul Laurence Dunbar Ralph Waldo Emerson Henry Wadsworth Longfellow Robert Lowell So nigh is grandeur to our dust, So near is God to man, When Duty whispers low, Thou must, The youth replies, I can. Emerson - from Voluntaries Paul Laurence Dunbar

12. Glory, 1989 Movie Starring Matthew Broderick, Denzel Washington, Cary Elwes, Morgan Freeman

13. Three Places in New England Charles Ives (1874-1954) (1914, revised 1929, premiered 1931) First Movement ‘ The St. Gaudens in Boston Common (Col. Shaw and his Colored Regiment) ’

14. Charles Ives Three Places in New England Dedicatory Poem Moving, - Marching - Faces of Souls! Marked with generations of pain, Part-freers of a Destiny, Slowly, restlessly - swaying us on with you Towards other Freedom! The man on horseback, carved from A native quarry of the world Liberty And from what your country was made. You images of a Divine Law Carved in the shadow of a saddened heart - Never light abandoned - Of an age and of a nation. Above and beyond that compelling mass Rises the drum-beat of the common-heart In the silence of a strange and Sounding afterglow Moving - Marching - Faces of Souls!

15. “ Robert Gould Shaw ” (1900) by Paul Laurence Dunbar (1872-1906) Why was it that the thunder voice of Fate Should call thee, studious, from the classical groves, Where calm-eyed Pallas with still footstep roves, And charge thee seek the turmoil of the state? What bade thee hear the voice and rise elate, Leave home and kindred and thy spicy loaves, To lead th ’ unfettered and despised droves To manhood ’ s home thunder at the gate?

16. “ Robert Gould Shaw ” (1900) by Paul Laurence Dunbar (1872-1906) Far better the slow blaze of Learning ’ s light The cool and quiet of her dearer fane, Than this hot terror of a hopeless fight This cold endurance of the final pain— Since thou and those who died for right Have died, the Present teaches, but in vain!

17. Longfellow ’ s Observation of the 54th in Boston, 1863 “ Saw the first regiment of blacks march through Beacon Street. An imposing sight, with something wild and strange about it, like a dream. At last the North consents to let the Negro fight for freedom. ”

18. Position of Colonel Shaw Legs of Soldiers and Horses

19. Vietnam Veteran ’ s Memorial

21. Founded by Jan Scruggs On July 1, 1980, in the Rose Garden, President Jimmy Carter signed the legislation (P.L. 96-297) to provide a site in Constitution Gardens near the Lincoln Memorial Freya

22. Vietnam Veteran’s Memorial: Maya Lin Lin won a public design competition for the Vietnam Memorial in 1981 (21 years old) Unconventional design– Memorial is deep in the Earth to symbolize the gravity of loss of the soldiers Controversy because Lin was of Asian Decent (Chinese-American) Lin is now a prestigious architectural designer – won the National Medal of Arts in 2009 Danielle

23. Official name of the Memorial is the Vietnam Veterans Memorial – Also known as VVM or “The Wall” Not a war Memorial but a Memorial to those who served in the war, both living and dead The names were NOT carved by hand, but by a computerized typesetting process developed by Larry Century, specifically for the Memorial, in Memphis, Tennessee Freya