1. The Infracolic Compartment

2. Ⅰ. Location It lies between the transverse colon with its mesocolon and the superior aperture of the lesser pelvis. Ⅱ. Contents the jejunum, ileum, vermiform appendix, colon and other viscera.

3. Ⅲ. The vermiform appendix The features --- a narrow, worm-shaped, blind tube. ---about 5~7cm long. ---diameter is 0.5~1.0cm. ---intraperitoneal organ, has a triangular mesentery.

4. The position ---the root joins with the posteromedial wall
of the cecum.
---the 3 colic bands focus at the root.
---the projection of the root
of the vermiform
appendix
*The McBurngy’s point
at the junction of the lateral
and middle thirds of the line
between the right superior
iliac spine and the umbilicus.

5. ---it is variable in position A. the pelvic position: 41. 3%; B
---it is variable in position A. the pelvic position: 41.3%; B. the retrocecoal or retrocolic position:29.4%; C. the subcecal position:17.4%; D. the pre-ileal position: 7.4%; E. the post-ileal position:4.4%.

6. (III) The appendix artery and vein
I) the artery arises from the ileocolic a. and
usually is single.
II) the vein drains into the hepatic portal vein.
the appendicular v the ileocolic v.
the superior mesenteric
v hepatic portal v.
appendicitis the bacterial
emboli enter the liver by the
course and lead to hepatic
abscess.

7. The blood supply of colon
----the superior and inferior mesenteric arteries

8. Ⅳ. The hepatic portal vein ---a shorter and thicker venous trunk
Ⅳ. The hepatic portal vein ---a shorter and thicker venous trunk. ---about 6~8cm long and 1~1.2 cm in diameter ---drains the venous blood from the single viscera(except the liver) in the abdominal cavity. ---is the functional blood vessel of the liver.

9. (Ⅰ) Formation
It is formed by the union
of the superior mesenteric
and splenic veins behind the
neck of the pancreas.

10. three types: type 1 (51. 2%) portal v. type 2(15. 3%) splenic v. inf
three types: type 1 (51.2%) portal v. type 2(15.3%) splenic v. inf. mesenteric v. sup. mesenteric v. type 3 (32.7%)

11. (Ⅱ)Relationship The hepatic portal vein ascends behind the head of the pancreas and the sup. part of the duodenum, towards the right and upwards,enters the hepatoduodenal ligament.It ascends in the ligament and divides into right and left branches at the porta hepatis. The common bile duct is right and anterior toit and the proper hepatic artery is left and anterior.

13. (Ⅲ) Tributaries splenic vein superior mesenteric vein inferior mesenteric vein left gastric vein right gastric vein systic vein paraumbilical vein

14. (Ⅳ) Communications between hepatic portal and systemic veins 1
(Ⅳ) Communications between hepatic portal and systemic veins 1. Esophageal venous plexus 2. Rectal venous plexus 3. Paraumbilical venous plexus

15. The retroperitoneal space

16. Ⅰ. Location The space lies between the parietal peritoneum and the fascia and musculature of the posterior abdominal wall. It extends superiorly from the diaphragm, and inferiorly to the sacral promontory and the pelvis inlet.

17. Ⅱ. Communication superiorly continuous with the posterior mediastinum inferiorly continuous with pelvic retroperitoneal space.

18. Ⅲ. Contents
kidneys, suprarenal glands, abdoinal part
of the ureters, pancreas, duodenum, blood
vessels, lymph nodes, and nerves.

19. Ⅳ. The kidneys
1. Position
The kidneys lie on each side of the lumbar part of the vertebral column. The left kidney is about
1.5cm higher than the right one.
L kidney
R Kidney
Upper pole
T11th
T12th
Lower pole
L2nd
L3nd

20. The 12th rib crosses obliquely the upper third of the posterior surface of the right kidney; but the middle part of the left one. the renal angle: the lateral border of the erector spinae crosses 12th rib. The hilum of the kidneys is at the angle.

21. The projection of the kidneys
on the each side of the posterior surface of the
body, 2 vertical lines and 2 horizontal line form
a quadrilateral area, in which the kidney lies.
medial vertical line cm apart from the post. median line
lateral vertical line cm
Upper horizontal line
(passing the spine of T11th)
Lower horizontal line
(passing the spine of the L3rd)

22. 2.Relation The upper pole covered by the suprarenal gland.
L kidney
R kidney
upper
Ant. middle
lower
Post.
stomach,spleen
right lobe of liver
tail of pancreas
descending part of the duodenum
colis of jejunum
Left colic flexure
right colic flexure
diaphragm above,psoas major,qua-
dratus lumborum,transverse abdominis

24. 3. The hilum, sinus and pedicle of the kidney The hilum at the medial border, it’s the entrance of the sinus. The sinus a hollow recess in the kidney. The pedicle The structures, which enter or leave the hilum, form the pedicle. It contains mainly the renal artery,renal vein and pelvis. arrangement of the pedicle from anterior to posterior is: V, A and P. from above downwards is: A,V and P.

25. 4. Renal capsule From outside inwards,the are renal fascia, adipose capsule and fibrous capsule. 1) The renal fascia anterior layer 2 layers posterior layer 2) The adipose capsule supports and protects the kidney 3) The fibrous capsule

27. Thank You!