1. School of the Built Environment Urban Governance Sue Brownill Department of Planning

2. School of the Built Environment Introduction Governance is central to debates covering in network Two key questions in the proposal How is urban governance responding to challenges of globalisation and climate change? Are different, more flexible forms of governing capable of meeting such challenges emerging? But multi-faceted: about climate change and pro- poor/socially inclusive strategies in an era of competitiveness Poses challenges to urban governments and to how we understand and characterise urban governance. In particular move beyond competencies to explore multiple modes of governance

3. School of the Built Environment Exploring Governance Context Framing governance The UK experience, with an emphasis on the Thames Gateway Some implications for the network

4. School of the Built Environment Context Governance and sustainability, governance for sustainability Multi-level governance – global to local Activity on the ground and growing evidence base of drivers of and barriers to effective governance for sustainability Debates about role and nature of governance

5. School of the Built Environment Ways of Seeing Narratives of governance, localism and sustainability Some issues in practice –but generally a credible story

6. School of the Built Environment Some alternative narratives Neoliberal governance Commitment to markets Forms of governance which promote competitiveness, not inclusivity Shift of power to private economic interests Contain tendencies to governance failure

7. School of the Built Environment Different Modes or Models of Governance Some trying to develop a more nuanced approach around competing discourses and modes of governance Raco -hybridity Within these broader debates Bulkeley et al identify a number of different modes of governance in relation to climate change have been identified in previous work Self-governing Provision Regulation Enabling Partnership/networked

8. Self-governing/ participatory Energy efficiency in municipal buildings Regulation/AuthorityStrategic planning, targets, laws Provision Public transport, recycling EnablingCampaigns, advice PartnershipFlex-fuel collaboration Sao Paulo Some Examples

9. Capacity Building Empowerment Counter-publics Citizen power Local Flexibility Networks – flows of power Diversity of interests Stakeholders Consensus SELF-GOVERNANCE MODEL OPEN SYSTEMS MODEL HIERARCHY MODEL RATIONAL GOAL MODEL Formal processes Statutory requirements Representative democracy Formal power/authority Performance Indicators What works – guidance Managerial Framing of issues Managerial power Consumer preferences and service improvement Decentralisation Centralisation Towards Continuity Towards competitivenes s and multi-level government An Illustration of Contrasting Modes of Governance; Newman

10. School of the Built Environment The UK Experience Interesting times Example of Thames Gateway and Sustainable Communities Example of New Conventional Wisdom – governance as key to reconcling competitiveness and sustainability/equity However are they complementary or mutually exclusive? Are forms of governance more likely to promote competitiveness than sustainability? What modes of governance can be seen? Are they fit for purpose? What are the drivers and barriers that emerge?

11. School of the Built Environment

12. Thames Gateway before: Eastern Quarry, Ebbsfleet 1997

13. School of the Built Environment Thames Gateway after: Ebbsfleet Valley 2010

14. School of the Built Environment Thames Gateway

15. School of the Built Environment Aims and Objectives Our aim is to use growth to regenerate and develop the Thames Gateway in a sustainable way. We want to create an attractive environment where people will choose to live, work and spend their leisure time (Delivering the Thames Gateway)

16. The Governance of the Gateway Key. Sub-regional Partnerships Thames Gateway London Partnership Thames Gateway South Essex Partnership Thames Gateway Kent Partnership Local Deveivery vehicles London Thames Gateway UDCWoolwich Regeneration Agency Kent Thameside elivery Board Renaissance Southend Basildon Renaissance Partnership Swale Forward Invest Bexley

17. School of the Built Environment Jessop Governance Failure Self-Organisation Intersection with other governance structures – issue of resources Economic context

18. School of the Built Environment Governance Failure? Governability v flexibility – crisis of leadership Competition v co-operation Accountability v efficiency Competitivenss v sustainability Who is a sustainable citizen Open-ness v closure

19. School of the Built Environment Related Issues Joining Up: sustainable communities need co- ordinated delivery Funding for infrastructure Conflict over who pays between central and local govt eg London Riverside and between public and private Devolution of responsibility of delivery without power of resources Ability to meet targets ; constraints of the wider economic context. What trends are showing versus what is in strategies Constraints of strategy - refusal to intervene in location decisions Impact of potential downturn in economy

20. School of the Built Environment Wider Economic Context Ability to meet targets ; constraints of the wider economic context. What trends are showing versus what is in strategies Constraints of strategy - refusal to intervene in location decisions Impact of potential downturn in economy

21. School of the Built Environment Overcoming Failure? Despite this there have been some examples of success in Gateway and elsewhere, suggests that spaces are opened up within governance arrangements Guided bus in North Kent Attempts to link social inclusion to new developments Greenwich Millennium village

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23. Some Issues to Explore Confirms pictures of drivers and barriers eg Leadership Resources, knowledge and funding fit with spatial area Enabling policy framework Capacity for self governing Involving communities Framing of issue as of local importance Horizontal and vertical integration structures But also suggests that ability to act through and co-ordinate different modes of governing will be critical to success alongside the modes of governance available to municipalities

24. School of the Built Environment Some Issues to Explore Conceptual frameworks; modes/models of governance Resilience and modes of governance Joining the gaps between competitiveness and sustainability and participation Governing the future Mitigation and adaptation? Further case studies and examples

25. School of the Built Environment Over to you? Examples Thoughts Issues Areas for further work