1. safer lives, safer ships, cleaner seas Points raised by Simon Burnay (BMT Seatech) In the documents distributed for the workshop, there is an analogy to in-car sat-nav systems. We feel these analogies are dangerous as the sat-nav assumes no expertise on behalf of the user, and even less knowledge in how the thing works - see examples of lorries trying to turn down very narrow streets etc etc. The accuracy and quality of the system is totally reliant on its own programming and implies that no judgement is required from the user. In the documents distributed for the workshop, there is an analogy to in-car sat-nav systems. We feel these analogies are dangerous as the sat-nav assumes no expertise on behalf of the user, and even less knowledge in how the thing works - see examples of lorries trying to turn down very narrow streets etc etc. The accuracy and quality of the system is totally reliant on its own programming and implies that no judgement is required from the user.

2. safer lives, safer ships, cleaner seas In the development of any on-board system, we feel that available time for the bridge team must be considered. This introduces the 'hours of work' requirements that now exist and the potential conflicts this has with the watch duties and 'spare time' to learn new systems, use training tools etc. In the development of any on-board system, we feel that available time for the bridge team must be considered. This introduces the 'hours of work' requirements that now exist and the potential conflicts this has with the watch duties and 'spare time' to learn new systems, use training tools etc. The possibilities for shore-based observation and intervention are interesting, but would require a shift from passive to active Vessel Traffic Services. The possibilities for shore-based observation and intervention are interesting, but would require a shift from passive to active Vessel Traffic Services. Prioritisation of information is obviously a key factor in the development of an E-Navigation strategy / standard. Some innovative solutions / ideas already exist on this, such as wi-fi bridges and OOW PDA's for alarm monitoring and information visibility when not at the relevant console. Prioritisation of information is obviously a key factor in the development of an E-Navigation strategy / standard. Some innovative solutions / ideas already exist on this, such as wi-fi bridges and OOW PDA's for alarm monitoring and information visibility when not at the relevant console. Points raised by Simon Burnay (BMT)

3. safer lives, safer ships, cleaner seas Standardisation of interfaces / controls and standards has advantages and disadvantages. The advantages are perhaps obvious (ease of familiarisation, hand-over etc), but it should not be allowed to breed complacency or reduce knowledge of the systems and associated theories etc. Standardisation of interfaces / controls and standards has advantages and disadvantages. The advantages are perhaps obvious (ease of familiarisation, hand-over etc), but it should not be allowed to breed complacency or reduce knowledge of the systems and associated theories etc. The issue of over-reliance on electronic aids versus 'looking out of the window' must be considered. There is a balance and the electronic aid should (in our opinion) add value and insight to the situation, not make a decision for the OOW / Master. It should be a Decision Support System. The issue of over-reliance on electronic aids versus 'looking out of the window' must be considered. There is a balance and the electronic aid should (in our opinion) add value and insight to the situation, not make a decision for the OOW / Master. It should be a Decision Support System. Points raised by Simon Burnay (BMT)

4. safer lives, safer ships, cleaner seas Any automation has a tendency to reduce the inherent knowledge of a system - this is referred to in the distributed documents. This could be solved / alleviated by what we have loosely termed 'error assessment training'. Any automation has a tendency to reduce the inherent knowledge of a system - this is referred to in the distributed documents. This could be solved / alleviated by what we have loosely termed 'error assessment training'. Part of a users training could (as a mandatory item?) include a period of assessment on random system errors requiring the user to identify that there is an error, identifying the cause of that error and solving it. Part of a users training could (as a mandatory item?) include a period of assessment on random system errors requiring the user to identify that there is an error, identifying the cause of that error and solving it. We are aware of (at least) some ECDIS courses that introduce this idea, but we feel that it could be extended to be a more holistic view of the ship and bridge systems. We are aware of (at least) some ECDIS courses that introduce this idea, but we feel that it could be extended to be a more holistic view of the ship and bridge systems. Points raised by Simon Burnay (BMT)