1. By: John Rawls

2.  There are over 100 types of Cancer  Over 7 million deaths a year (2004)  Makes up over 13% of the world’s deaths each year  The disease can affect all parts of the body

3.  The top five in Men:  Lung  Stomach  Liver  Colorectal  Oesophagus  The top five in Women:  Breast  Lung  Stomach  Colorectal  Cervical

5.  Tests are called screenings  Different types:  Physical Exam  Laboratory Tests  Imagining Procedures  Genetic Tests  Finding Cancer early can save lives

6.  Circulating tumor cells  About 90% of cancer related deaths are not due to the original site of the cancer  Important to find these traveling cancerous cells  Usually only several cells per 1-milliliter sample of blood, which can contain tens of billions of normal blood cells

7.  Blood is taken from the patient  Passed over thousands of silicon “posts”  Antibodies coat the outside of silicon  Not too efficient given the amount of cells  Scientists look for more efficient strategy

8.  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zQAK4xx PGfM http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zQAK4xx PGfM  Understanding of Carbon Nanotubes

9.  About 8 times more efficient  10 billion to 100 billion carbon nanotubes per square centimeter  Less than 1% carbon and 99% air  Easy to flow through

11.  Can change the Geometry  Tumor cells, about a micron in diameter, down to viruses, which are only 40 nm  Possibly able to test for HIV  Leads are forming for handheld devices  Lead to more availability  Better diagnostics  Location?

12.  http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/ 03/110329134134.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/ 03/110329134134.htm  http://www.who.int/features/factfiles/cancer /02_en.html http://www.who.int/features/factfiles/cancer /02_en.html  http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/cancerli brary/what-is-cancer http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/cancerli brary/what-is-cancer  http://www.cancer.gov/PublishedContent/I mages/images/documents/cancer4-new.jpg http://www.cancer.gov/PublishedContent/I mages/images/documents/cancer4-new.jpg

13.  http://www.ne2ss.org/wp- content/uploads/2008/09/cancer_biology.jpg http://www.ne2ss.org/wp- content/uploads/2008/09/cancer_biology.jpg  http://nsnc.sdsmt.edu/images/carbonNanotu bes2um.jpg http://nsnc.sdsmt.edu/images/carbonNanotu bes2um.jpg