1. BIOC 401

2. Blood Sample To Detect Breast Cancer

3. Cancer is actually a group of many related diseases that all have to do with cells. Cells are the very small units that make up all living things, including the human body. There are billions of cells in each person's body.

4. Cancer cells usually group or clump together to form tumors. A growing tumor becomes a lump of cancer cells that can destroy the normal cells around the tumor and damage the body's healthy tissues. This can make someone very sick.

5. Sometimes cancer cells break away from the original tumor and travel to other areas of the body, where they keep growing and can go on to form new tumors. This is how cancer spreads.

6. More common types of cancer Lung cancer Liver cancer Stomach cancer Breast cancer

7. Breast cancer is a malignant tumor that starts from cells of the breast. A malignant tumor is a group of cancer cells that may invade surrounding tissues or spread to distant areas of the body.

8. Most breast cancers begin in the cells that line the ducts (ductal cancers). Some begin in the cells that line the lobules (lobular cancers), while a small number start in other tissues.

9. There are to kind of breast cancer Benign Breast cancerMalignant Breast cancer

11. How To Detect Breast Cancer ?? Currently, doctors rely on triple testing : breast examination, imaging with mammography and ultrasonography, and biopsy - to pick up these tumors.

12. Mammogram or Ultrasound Biopsy To check the lump

13. Many analysis done in the patient sample like hormone and protein Comes specimens for laboratory

14. Blood plasma is an easily accessible source of proteins which have diagnostic value, as it is in contact with practically all tissues in the human body. There are many protein in plasma was marker for breast cancer in patient.

15. Ca 15-3Ca 19-1Ca 125 ll Protein ?? This there protein marker for breast cancer

16. Elecsys is machine detect the protein in plasma Ca 15-3, ca 19-1, ca 125ll

17. A new study by researchers from University College London says a simple blood test may detect breast cancer early before it shows up on a mammogram.

18.  Unlike mammograms, which give false positives 10% of the time and false negatives about 20% of the time.  The blood test measures proteins in the blood and may detect changes in the levels caused by cancer.  The method analyzes specific proteins and these proteins tell us what is going on with the patient in terms of the disease and how the disease is playing out on the patient.

19. This gene, which was named mammaglobin, encodes a protein of 93 amino acid units with a predicted molecular mass of 10.5 kd. Mammaglobin is a member of the uteroglobin gene family Protein Secreted by breast tumor cells

20.  School of Medicine researchers have shown that mammaglobin, a protein secreted by breast tumor cells, can readily be detected in the blood serum of patients with metastatic breast cancer using an inexpensive, reliable clinical test.  They have tested this technique on 56 women without breast cancer and 26 women with metastatic breast cancer.

21.  The results showed that women without breast cancer were found to have a steady, low level of mammaglobin in their blood.  This baseline level was not affected by age, body mass index, menopausal status, race, smoking history or a family history of breast cancer.

22.  the women with metastatic breast cancer had on average much higher readings of mammaglobin than the baseline level.  Compared to the few other known biomarkers linked to breast cancer, mammaglobin is the best. The protein is found in breast tissue and is secreted by most breast tumors."

23.  This technique, less intrusive, safer and much less expensive approaches for the early diagnosis of cancer, for distinguishing malignant and benign cancers, and for monitoring cancer therapy.

24. Ratio City 22 %Alshrgeah 17.5 %Riyadh 13 %Makkah 7 %Tabuk 4 %Qassim. More than 40% of Saudi women living with breast cancer do not detect the disease only in very advanced stages of the third stage.

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27. Wafaa Bokhary 0523687 Amera Al malki 0523527 Amjad Alsalmi 0523668 Mezna Albogami 0523592