1. Video Description in More than one Language Overview Need Capability Approaches Conclusion Disclaimer: This presentation does not contain any recommendations, assessments or positions from or by NAB

2. Video Description The term ‘video description’ means the insertion of audio narrated descriptions of a television program’s key visual elements into natural pauses between the program’s dialogue. (S. 3304) AKA: Descriptive Video, Visually Impaired (VI)

3. Video Description Insertion Audio with Video Description (Complete Mix) Descriptive insertions Primary Audio Dialog “no dialog” Voice under? “no dialog”

4. Pause to reflect Receiver makers refused to support the original Dolby design to save bits by enabling supplemental audio tracks So service providers must consume bits to send everything for any audio service Wonder if that lack of innovation is in Gary’s book… moving on…

5. Initial Mandates Initial video description rules will go into effect October 2011. –Four Networks (ABC, CBS, Fox, and NBC) and top 5 national non-broadcast networks will have to provide 50 hrs./quarter with video description 1 –Broadcast stations and MVPDs with technical capability to do so generally must pass through audio containing video descriptions. 1. For the top 25 DMAs and 50k+ subscriber systems respectively

6. More to Come from the FCC Reports Rule makings Not later than this or sooner than that Soonest for all DMAs : 2037 Not tomorrow … but it is coming English is assumed, but the Spanish speaking population is growing … So what can we do?

7. Digital Audio Interfaces Ancillary Data Control Data Audio Subsystem Audio Source Coding Work File Video Subsystem Video Source Coding Studio/Master Control Audio Video Router/MC Switcher Dolby E 8 ch. PCM Stream, compressed 3 Mb/s total, twisted pair or coax

8. Eight is enough For one additional service (with 5.1) -- need to replicate the path to get more than one language or type of service

9. Work File Ancillary Data Control Data Audio Subsystem Audio Source Coding & Compression Video Subsystem Video Source Coding & Compression MC SW Studio/Master Control Digital Audio Interface Audio Video AES-3: 2 ch / PCM stream, uncompressed 1.92 Mb/s, Twisted Pair or Coax (may also carry 8-channel Dolby E) then in HANC: 16 channels total Uncompressed Audio Interconnects

10. Sixteen is enough For a pair of 5.1 channel services, each with an associated stereo audio descriptive video mix. For a 5.1 service and 5 stereo services So audio in several languages with VI and HI could be supported – but only one could be 5.1

11. Distribution Local Station ATSC Digital Remote Production & Post Venues Contribution HD or SD Network Center DTV For MPEG links, Audio channels can be carried as program elements with PMT-based signaling

12. Transmission Digital Transmission –A large number of audio services for a single video (MPEG-2 Transport) can be signaled and sent (depending on the number of descriptors associated with each audio) Analog Transmission –Second audio or video description

13. ATSC Transport Virtual Channel 1 Video Transport Component Organization Audio PSI(P) Audio MDTV Virtual Channel 2 Audio

14. Multi-Program Multiplex OK Video+PCR Audio1: CM eng Audio2: VI eng Audio 3: CM spa Audio 4: VI spa PES Streams Mux Program 1 Program 2 Program 3 Multi- Program Transport Stream 4 each AC-3 and ISO-639 descriptors SI Tables (PMT) PSIP Tables Each event different descriptors

15. Midplane Encoder Management Port CPC Control Card ASI Output Card 2 ASI Encoder Video Encoding Audio Encoding 3 X 2.0 Video Encoding StatMux Engine StatMux Engine Optional Audio Card 5.1 + 2.0 or 3 x 2.0 Optional Audio Card 5.1 + 2.0 or 3 x 2.0 Optional Audio Card 5.1 + 2.0 or 3 x 2.0 Optional Audio Card 5.1 + 2.0 or 3 x 2.0 Encoder Video Encoding SDI / HDSDI (embedded audio) PSIP input Dual ASI Output Audio Encoding 3 x 2.0 Audio Encoding 3 x 2.0 Audio Encoding 3 x 2.0

16. Video Inputs Encoder Outputs Optional Audio Cards Each can encode or transcode from Dolby E one 5.1 + one 2.0 Dolby Digital Note this configuration supports more than my example case. The maximum audio + video shown is Four video programs (HD, SD or mixed) Four 5.1 surround channels Sixteen 2.0 stereo channels Based on slide from One configuration would be to provide one 5.1 in English with the Descriptive Video on a Dolby E path, and the Spanish 5.1 with Descriptive Video in Spanish on another Dolby E path.

17. Announcement Paradigms This Program has English, Spanish, with Video Description in both Languages Separate virtual channels –English –English Description for the Blind –English for the Hearing Impaired –Spanish –Spanish Description for the Blind –Spanish for the Hearing Impaired But Cable may have to do something like this if delivery to NTSC sets is required

18. Terrestrial Emission Overview (signaling and announcement) Event 1 CM (5.1, eng) Event 2 Event 2 – AC-3 descriptor with four audio services PMT – four ISO-639 descriptors (one per program element) EIT 0 (partial) Event 1 – AC-3 descriptor with one audio service Event 2 – AC-3 descriptor with four audio services PMT – one ISO-639 descriptor ATSC Transport PSIP & PSI CM (5.1, eng) + VI (2, eng) CM ( 5.1, spa + VI (2, spa) Events & tracks

19. DTV Receiver RF Tuner & VSB De- Modulator Audio Decoding Transport De- Multiplex Video Decoding PSIP Data Audio Video Program Guide Database Display Processor Program select from user RF Channel Select Audio Select

20. CEA-CEB-21 Recommended Practice for Selection and Presentation of DTV Audio In progress since July 2008, but almost done

21. Key Issues User set up and control Explicit Language selection Explicit VI and HI selection Differences between stream construction (Off- air and Cable)

22. Key Recommendations Receivers should gather user preferences and allow them to be changed later Receivers should read the tables and descriptors and use the contents Receivers should automatically select best fit to preferences when more than one stream is present

23. Key Recommendations Should consider the following items when providing for user selection of their preferred audio stream: –Stream type (CM, VI, or HI,) as signaled by the bsmod field in the AC-3_audio_stream_descriptor(). –The language field encoded in the AC- 3_audio_stream_descriptor(). –The component_name_descriptor() to provide supplemental audio stream information to users, if needed.

24. Conclusion Multiple language, multiple community service audio tracks are part of your future (unless English is declared to be the Official Language for the United States of America) Force fitting to the 2-audio mold is problematic When breaking the mold, plan ahead

25. Credits ATSC CEA Mike Dolan Graham Jones