1. Flow Characteristics Viscosity determined through index matching, (550 SSU, 109 cP, 0.109 Pa-s) – Much higher than water (1 cP) Flow tested by Army is from 2-10 L/min – Using Reynolds number matching, 6-32 GPM Pressure loss through system ranges from 20 psi to 50 psi – Calculated using Poiseuille flow

2. Positive Displacement vs. Centrifugal Conclusion: PD pumps provided better flow control, regardless of pressure and handle high viscosities. Graph Credit: pumpschool.com

3. PD Pump Selection PumpFlow RatesPressuresCommentsCost (3 highest) Gear pump Acceptable, Up to 30 gpm Acceptable, Up to 50 psi Common, can be self- priming 2 Rotary VaneAcceptable Not really used in our application, better for thin fluids and high pressure differentials 2 DiaphragmAcceptable Create pulsing flow, need air supply, cheaper 1 Lobe PumpAcceptable Used in Sanitary applications where fragile solids are used, bi-rotational, may be overly complex 3 Image Credit: Wikipedia; Info Credit: pumpscout.com

4. 3 GPM35 GPM 6 GPM33 GPM19 GPM Siewert, 1.6-16 GPM, $2,079 Siewert, 3.2-32 GPM, $2,319 Siewert, 2.3-23 GPM, $2,189 Emerick, 3.3-33 GPM, $2,754

5. Max flow rate: 33 GPM Min flow rate: 3.3 GPM Max Pressure: 200 psi Speed Ratio: N/A Price: $2,745 Shipping not included Lead time: 3-4 weeks Max flow rate: 32 GPM Min flow rate: 3.2 GPM Max Pressure: 100 psi Speed Ratio: 10:1 Price: $2,319 Shipping included Installation Assistance Lead time: 5-6 weeks Emerick Siewert

6. Inhalation Pipe Schematic