1. Installed Gain as a Control Valve Sizing Criteria Jon Monsen, Ph.D., P.E.

2. Control Valve Characteristics Inherent Installed Inherent Installed FLOW CAPACITY, C V VALVE TRAVEL

3. FLOW CAPACITY, C V VALVE TRAVEL FLOW METER P2P2 P1P1 PP What you need to remember about the inherent characteristic: 1. It is the relationship between valve opening and flow capacity (C V ) of the valve while the pressure drop is held constant. (No system effects.) 2. It is the characteristic that is published by the manufacturer. Inherent Characteristic

4. VALVE TRAVEL (PERCENT OF RATED TRAVEL) 40 10 20 50 1000 60 70 30 40 8090 C V is linear with valve travel. 10 20 30 Linear 50 60 70 80 90 100 FLOW CPACITY, C V What you need to remember about the linear characteristic: 1. Its graph is a straight line. 2. It is only used about 10% of the time. Inherent Characteristic

5. Equal changes in Valve Position produce equal percentage changes in flow capacity. What you need to remember about the equal percentage characteristic: 1. The shape of the graph 2. It is used about 90% of the time. Inherent Characteristic VALVE TRAVEL (PERCENT OF RATED TRAVEL) FLOW CPACITY, C V 40 10 20 50 1000 60 70 30 40 809010 20 30 50 60 70 80 90 100 Equal Percentage (=%) +10 = 50% +22.5 = 50% +15 = 50% 45 67.5

6. Installed Characteristic 0 10 20 30 40 50 0 102030405060 FLOW VALVE  P Pressure source 50 psig 280’ 1.5” pipe 0 50 0 0 gpm

7. 0 10 20 30 40 50 0 102030405060 FLOW VALVE  P FLOW (gpm)10 PIPE LOSS1 VALVE  P 49 Pressure source 50 psig 1 49 280’ 1.5” pipe 0 49 10 gpm Crane Technical Paper 410 (1942) www.tp410.com Installed Characteristic

8. 0 10 20 30 40 50 0 102030405060 FLOW VALVE  P Pressure source 50 psig 3.5 46.5 280’ 1.5” pipe FLOW (gpm)1020 PIPE LOSS13.5 VALVE  P 49 46.5 0 20 gpm Crane Technical Paper 410 (1942) www.tp410.com Installed Characteristic

9. 0 10 20 30 40 50 0 102030405060 FLOW VALVE  P Pressure source 50 psig 7.5 42.5 280’ 1.5” pipe FLOW (gpm)102030 PIPE LOSS13.57.5 VALVE  P 49 46.542.5 0 30 gpm Crane Technical Paper 410 (1942) www.tp410.com

10. Installed Characteristic 0 10 20 30 40 50 0 102030405060 FLOW VALVE  P Pressure source 50 psig 13 37 280’ 1.5” pipe FLOW (gpm)10203040 PIPE LOSS13.57.513 VALVE  P 49 46.542.5 37 0 40 gpm Crane Technical Paper 410 (1942) www.tp410.com

11. Installed Characteristic 0 10 20 30 40 50 0 102030405060 FLOW VALVE  P Pressure source 50 psig 20 30 280’ 1.5” pipe FLOW (gpm)1020304050 PIPE LOSS13.57.51320 VALVE  P 49 46.542.5 3730 0 50 gpm Crane Technical Paper 410 (1942) www.tp410.com

12. Installed Characteristic 0 10 20 30 40 50 0 102030405060 FLOW VALVE  P Pressure source 50 psig 28 22 280’ 1.5” pipe FLOW (gpm)102030405060 PIPE LOSS13.57.5132028 VALVE  P 49 46.542.5 373022 0 60 gpm Crane Technical Paper 410 (1942) www.tp410.com

13. Installed Characteristic 0 10 20 30 40 50 0 102030405060 FLOW VALVE  P Pressure source 50 psig 28 22 280’ 1.5” pipe FLOW (gpm)102030405060 PIPE LOSS13.57.5132028 VALVE  P 49 46.542.5 373022 0 60 gpm Crane Technical Paper 410 (1942) www.tp410.com

14. Installed Characteristic FLOW VALVE TRAVEL =% VALVE Pressure source 50 psig Rule of Thumb: Lots of pipe, use Equal Percentage valve Approx. Linear installed 280’ 1.5” pipe 0 10 20 30 40 50 0 102030405060 FLOW VALVE  P

15. VALVE TRAVEL 0 10 20 30 40 50 0 102030405060 FLOW VALVE  P Pressure source 50 psig 2.8’ 1.5” pipe Linear inherent  Linear installed 0.28 psi drop @ 60 gpm Rule of Thumb: Very little pipe, use Linear valve 49.72 Installed Characteristic FLOW

16. Installed Gain 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 Valve Travel, h Gain =  Output /  Input Installed Characteristic and Gain Installed Characteristic Flow, q

17. Installed Gain 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 Gain =  Output /  Input Gain =  q /  h Installed Characteristic and Gain Installed Characteristic Valve Travel, h Flow, q

18. Installed Gain 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 Gain =  Output /  Input Gain =  q /  h = SLOPE Installed Characteristic and Gain Installed Characteristic Valve Travel, h Flow, q

19. Installed Gain 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 Gain =  Output /  Input Gain =  q /  h = SLOPE Installed Characteristic and Gain Installed Characteristic Valve Travel, h Flow, q

20. Installed Gain 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 Gain =  Output /  Input Gain =  q /  h = SLOPE Installed Characteristic and Gain Installed Characteristic Valve Travel, h Flow, q

21. Installed Gain 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 Gain =  Output /  Input Gain =  q /  h = SLOPE Installed Characteristic and Gain Installed Characteristic Valve Travel, h Flow, q

22. Installed Gain 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 Gain =  Output /  Input Gain =  q /  h = SLOPE Installed Characteristic and Gain  q =  h X Gain Installed Characteristic Valve Travel, h Flow, q

23. Installed Gain 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 1% 1/4% Gain =  Output /  Input Gain =  q /  h = SLOPE Installed Characteristic and Gain  q =  h X Gain Installed Characteristic Valve Travel, h Flow, q

24. Installed Gain 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 1% 1/4% 4% Gain =  Output /  Input Gain =  q /  h = SLOPE Installed Characteristic and Gain  q =  h X Gain Installed Characteristic Valve Travel, h Flow, q

25. Installed Gain 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 Gain =  Output /  Input Gain = d q / d h = SLOPE Installed Characteristic and Gain Installed Characteristic Valve Travel, h Flow, q

26. Installed Gain 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 Gain =  Output /  Input Gain = d q / d h = SLOPE Installed Characteristic and Gain Installed Characteristic Valve Travel, h Flow, q

27. Installed Gain 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 Gain =  Output /  Input Gain = d q / d h = SLOPE Installed Characteristic and Gain Installed Characteristic Valve Travel, h Flow, q

28. Installed Gain 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 Gain =  Output /  Input Gain = d q / d h = SLOPE Installed Characteristic and Gain Installed Characteristic Valve Travel, h Flow, q

29. Installed Gain 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 Gain =  Output /  Input Gain = d q / d h = SLOPE Installed Characteristic and Gain Installed Characteristic Valve Travel, h Flow, q

30. Installed Gain 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 Gain =  Output /  Input Gain = d q / d h = SLOPE Installed Characteristic and Gain Installed Characteristic Valve Travel, h Flow, q

31. Installed Gain 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 Gain =  Output /  Input Gain = d q / d h = SLOPE Installed Characteristic and Gain Installed Characteristic Valve Travel, h Flow, q

32. Within the specified control range: 1.Gain  0.5 2. Gain  3.0 3.Gain (max) / Gain (min)  2.0 Gain =  Output /  Input Gain =  q /  h  q =  h X Gain Installed Gain Recommendations Installed Gain 3.0 2.0 4.0 1.0 q min q max Flow

33. Within the specified control range: 1.Gain  0.5 2. Gain  3.0 3.Gain (max) / Gain (min)  2.0 Gain =  Output /  Input Gain =  q /  h  q =  h X Gain Installed Gain Recommendations Loop Tuned here Data courtesy of ExperTune, Inc. SP PV Large gain change: Can’t maintain good control with stability throughout flow range. The “un-tunable” loop! Installed Gain 3.0 2.0 4.0 1.0 q min q max Flow

34. Installed Gain 3.0 2.0 4.0 1.0 q min q max Within the specified control range: 1.Gain  0.5 2. Gain  3.0 3.Gain (max) / Gain (min)  2.0 Gain =  Output /  Input Gain =  q /  h  q =  h X Gain Installed Gain Recommendations Flow Loop Tuned here SP PV Data courtesy of ExperTune, Inc. Small gain change: Good control with stability throughout flow range.

35. Installed Gain 3.0 2.0 4.0 1.0 q max q min Within the specified control range: 1.Gain  0.5 2. Gain  3.0 3.Gain (max) / Gain (min)  2.0 4.As constant as possible 5.As close to 1.0 as possible Installed Gain Recommendations Flow Gain =  Output /  Input Gain =  q /  h  q =  h X Gain Installed Gain 3.0 2.0 4.0 1.0 q min q max Flow

36. CvCv Valve Travel Actual inherent flow characteristic Actual system characteristic Flow, gpm Pressure, psig 32 20 P1 = 42 P1 = 32 P2 = 10 P2 = 12 25 P1 = 36 P2 = 11 Min Norm Max 0 10 20 30 40 50 0100200300400500600700800 Software Graphs Installed Characteristic & Gain q f =766

37. 6” Sch. 40 580’ (Equiv. pipe & fittings) 230’ 70  F Water 10 P2P2 P1P1 P FC =% Inherent characteristic Flow gpm P P psig Pipe Loss (up) P 1 psig Pipe Loss (down) P 2 psig  P 80420.1 420.051032 550375.0 322.001220 Flow, gpm Pressure, psig 32 20 P1 = 42 P1 = 32 P2 = 10 P2 = 12 Sizing Example CvQ G P  

38. Sizing Example

39.  85 dBA for 6”  32.8 fps  p <  p T Sizing Example

40.  80 dBA for 3”  32.8 fps Sizing Example  p <  p T

41. 6” 3” 80 550 Sizing Example

42. 6” 3” 80 550 6” 3” 80 550 q max q min Installed Gain 3 2 4 1 q min q max Installed Gain 3 2 4 1 Within the specified control range: 1.Gain  0.5 2. Gain  3.0 3.Gain (max) / Gain (min)  2.0 4.As constant as possible 5.As close to 1.0 as possible Sizing Example 4”

43. What is the optimum control valve pressure drop to design into a system to ensure adequate control while avoiding the use of excessive pumping power? Selecting the Right Pump

44. TC 10 5 5 15 Pump head droops 5 psi from 100 gpm to 600 gpm Pressure losses @600 gpm 6” Sch 40 70°F Water 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 0100200300400500600 P2P2 10 45 5 35 P 1 (Pump A) 17 hp* 35 20 50 P 1 (Pump B) 23 hp* 60 50 30 * At normal flow (400 gpm) P1 P2 35 65 P 1 (Pump C) 29 hp* 75 65 Selecting the Right Pump valve characteristic Inherrent Installed Min. Norm.Max.

45. PRESSURE DROP = 5 psi @ MAX. FLOW Pump power = 17 hp @ 400 gpm Selecting the Right Pump

46. PRESSURE DROP = 5 psi @ MAX. FLOW Pump power = 17 hp @ 400 gpm

47. 6” Selecting the Right Pump PRESSURE DROP = 5 psi @ MAX. FLOW Pump power = 17 hp @ 400 gpm

48. 3” Selecting the Right Pump PRESSURE DROP = 20 psi @ MAX. FLOW Pump power = 23 hp @ 400 gpm

49. 3” Selecting the Right Pump PRESSURE DROP = 35 psi @ MAX. FLOW Pump power = 29 hp @ 400 gpm

50. 5 psi, 17 hp 20 psi, 23 hp 35 psi, 29 hp q max q min Installed Gain 3 2 4 1 q min q max Installed Gain 3 2 4 1 Within the specified control range: 1.Gain  0.5 2. Gain  3.0 3.Gain (max) / Gain (min)  2.0 4.As constant as possible 5.As close to 1.0 as possible 3” 6” Selecting the Right Pump

51. 20 psi, 23 hp 35 psi, 29 hp 3” Maximum Calculated SPL To avoid cavitation damage UP TO 3” 80dBA 4” TO 6”85 dBA 8” TO 14”90 dBA 16” AND UP95 dBA Selecting the Right Pump

52. Thank you! jmonsen@technical-controls.com