1. TENDONS & LIGAMENTS ANATOMY I

2. LIGAMENTS Add to the mechanical stability of joints Guide joint motion Prevent excessive motion

3. Ligaments Ligaments link bones together. Ligaments link bones together. Some very common ones that are damaged are the ones surrounding the knee (the crutiate and medial ligaments) Some very common ones that are damaged are the ones surrounding the knee (the crutiate and medial ligaments) Type of connective tissue Type of connective tissue

4. LIGAMENTS TENSION IN LIGAMENTS AND MUSCLES CONTRIBUTES SIGNIFICANTLY TO JOINT STABILITY(ESPECIALLY IN THE KNEE AND SHOULDER) LIGAMENT RUPTURE OR STRETCHING CAN RESULT IN ABNORMAL MOTION OF ARTICULATING BONE ENDS

5. LIGAMENTS Are responsible for holding joints together. They prevent bones moving out of position during the stresses of physical activity. If they are pulled or twisted too far by extreme physical movements, ligaments can tear and the joint may dislocate

6. TENDONS ANOTHER TYPE OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE TENDONS TIE MUSCLE ONTO BONE AND ALLOW THE MUSCLE TO WORK THE BONE AS A LEVER. (ACHILLES TENDON – ATTACHES THE CALF MUSCLE TO THE HEEL BONE. WITHOUT IT, WE COULD NOT WALK)

7. TENDONS ANCHOR MUSCLES TO BONES, ALLOWING THE MUSCLES TO MOVE THE SKELETON. TENDONS ARE NOT VERY ELASTIC – IF THEY WERE, THEN THE FORCE PRODUCED BY MUSCLES WOULD BE ABSORBED INSTEAD OF CREATING MOVEMENT. TENDONS CAN ALSO BE TORN IF SUBJECTED TO TOO MUCH FORCE

8. CARTILAGE Specialized connective tissue Rigid, Elastic, Resilient RESISTS COMPRESSION AVASCULAR: nutrients diffuse through matrix

9. CARTILAGE EMBRYO MORE PREVALENT THAN IN ADULT SKELETON INITIALLY MOSTLY CARTILAGE BONE REPLACES CARTILAGE IN FETAL AND CHILDHOOD PERIODS

10. LOCATION OF CARTILAGE IN ADULTS EXTERNAL EAR NOSE “ARTICULAR” – COVERING THE ENDS OF MOST BONES AND MOVABLE JOINTS “COSTAL” – CONNECTING RIBS TO STERNUM LARYNX - VOICE BOX

11. LOCATION OF CARTILAGE IN ADULTS (CONT’D) EPIGLOTTIS – FLAP KEEPING FOOD OUT OF LUNGS CARTILAGINOUS RINGS HOLDING OPEN THE AIR TUBES OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM (TRACHEA AND BRONCHI) INTERVERTEBRAL DISCS PUBIC SYMPHYSIS ARTICULAR DISCS SUCH AS MENISCUS IN KNEE JOINT