2. Reconstruction  1865-1877—the 12 years following the Civil War  During this time battles waged in Congress over who should lead reconstruction policy.

3. 13 th Amendment13 th Amendment  1863: Emancipation Proclamation  1865: 13 th Amendment repeals slavery in ALL states.

4. Lincoln’s 10% PlanLincoln’s 10% Plan  Proposed in 1863: Forgiving to the South  Offered a pardon to any Confederate who would take an oath of allegiance to the Union  Denied ALL pardons to Confederate military and government officials  States could hold constitutional conventions after 10% had taken oath.  States could then hold elections and rejoin Union.

5. Radical RepublicansRadical Republicans  Thought Lincoln was too lenient and that the South should be punished for Civil War.  Wade-Davis Bill (1864):  A majority of voters would have to swear loyalty before statehood could be returned.  State constitutions had to abolish slavery  Confederate military leaders could not hold political office  Pocket veto: president neither signs nor outright vetoes a bill.

6. Presidential ReconstructionPresidential Reconstruction  President Johnson implemented his own plan when Congress was in recess in 1865.  Said he was upholding Lincoln’s vision buy it was more lenient on the South.  Pardoned southerners who swore allegiance  It permitted states to hold a constitutional convention  States had to void secession, abolish slavery and repudiate confederate debt.  Then states could hold elections and rejoin the Union

7. Black CodesBlack Codes  Many Southern states enacted black codes: laws that restricted freedmen’s rights:  Curfews  Vagrancy laws (not working=punishment)  Labor contracts  Land restrictions (could only rent land in rural areas, forcing them to live on plantations)  Could not testify against whites  Could not own weapons  Congress outlaws black codes by passing a Civil Rights Act (1866)

8. Congress ActsCongress Acts  1 st Reconstruction Act (1867):  Set up military rule in the South  All qualified male voters could vote  Equal rights to all citizens  Required states to ratify 14 th Amendment  2 nd Reconstruction Act:  Union military in charge of voter registration. Goal= more Republicans in office in South; protect freed slaves right to vote

9. Impeachment  Tenure of Office Act (1867): President could not fire Cabinet posts without the Senate’s approval.  1868: Johnson tries to fire Secretary of War Edwin Stanton.  Congress find this unconstitutional  House of Representatives impeaches Johnson  Senate tries Johnson, he narrowly escapes conviction (1 vote)  1868: Ulysses S. Grant is elected President

10. Constitution  13 th Amendment (1865): Prohibits slavery  14 th Amendment (1868): former slaves citizens of U.S. and the state they came from  15 th Amendment (1870): extended right to vote to black men.

11. Exit  WILT:  What I learned today: 3-5 sentence summary about Reconstruction using today’s work.