1. Edited for CCS by Ms. Toni Lynn Barto

2.  To answer that you need to know what a root or base word is!  Simply put, a root or a base word is a regular word that has a core meaning.  A suffix is a letter or a group of letters added to the end of a word to change how the word is used.

3.  How does it change a base word?  It changes it to the past tense.  Read these words to find out what sound it makes in each word. shadowed brutalized sauntered hoisted

4.  Take a look at these words to see if you can figure out a pattern for sounds for suffix -ed.  meltedburnedbanded  kissedsmelledasked  peeledgrilledfilmed  seededdraftedlicked

5.  Suffix –ed makes these sounds: ◦ /d/ after a voiced sound ◦ /t/ after an unvoiced (or voiceless) sound ◦ /ed/ after the letter t or d

6.  voiced=vibrates your vocal cords ◦ /l/, /m/, /n/,/b/ ◦ thrilled, trimmed, pinned, rubbed  unvoiced, or voiceless=does not vibrate your vocal cords at all or very much ◦ /s/, /k/, /p/, /f/ ◦ kissed, asked, limped, golfed

7. Prizes if you can remember!!! ____________________________________________ Now! What happens when you have a base or root word that ends in a silent ‘e’? And…you want to add suffix ed? ??????????????????????????????????

8.  Commonly, you drop the final silent “e” on a word when adding a vowel suffix. The suffix –ed is a vowel suffix. Therefore, you will typically drop the final silent “e” on a base word.  Drop the “e” if the suffix starts with a vowel (ed, able, ing, etc.) Keep the “e” if the suffix starts with a consonant (s, ness, less, etc.)

9.  Many people think that you are just adding a “d” to the word to make it past tense.  Example: bottle + d = bottled  While it may look like this is what is happening, the truth is that “d” is not a suffix. The suffix being added is –ed.  What happens is the silent “e” drops out, and suffix –ed is attached.

10.  Often, these three suffixes attach to the same base words. Can you add each suffix to the following base words? How would you spell each of them? Try it on a piece of scratch paper.  Hint: On words that end in “y”…add -es instead of just –s when you spell it.  bike, wobble, manipulate, steer, deny, charge, hurry, copy, migrate