1. Nutrition Guidelines: Tools for a Healthful Diet BIOL 103, Chapter 2

2. Today’s Topics 1.Concepts in choosing a healthful diets 2.Dietary Guidelines and Diet Plans 3.Recommendations for nutrient intake? 4.Reading and Interpreting Food Labels

3. Linking Nutrients, Food, and Health Planning how you will eat – Adequacy The foods you choose to eat provide all the essential nutrients, fiber, and energy in amounts sufficient to support growth and maintain health. – Balance Your diet is balanced if: – Calories you eat = Calories (Energy) that you use – It is a healthful diet (has adequate amount of essential nutrients)

4. Linking Nutrients, Food, and Health Planning how you will eat… – Calorie Control – Nutrient Density: Nutrient dense foods provide substantial amounts of vitamins and minerals relative to the amount of calories

5. Linking Nutrients, Food, and Health Planning how you will eat… – Moderation – Variety

6. Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2010 What is it and what does it contain? – A guideline that individuals can refer to in order to make informed decisions about food and activity Content is backed by _______________________ Their Goal: to improve overall health by balancing calories that Americans eat with physical activity to manage weight. – Used to develop educational materials, or aid policy makers in designing and carrying out nutrition-related programs

7. Two basic concepts of Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2010 Problem Set#2, Q1a 1.Balance calories to manage weight 1.Focus on consuming nutrient-dense foods

8. Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2010 In addition, Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2010 provides: – Recommendations for Specific Population Group Woman capable of getting pregnant Woman who are pregnant or breastfeeding Individuals age 50 and older – Key consumer behaviors and potential strategies for professionals to use – Food safety principles and guidance for consumers – How to use the food label to track calories, nutrients, and ingredients

9. Social-ecological model framework for nutrition and physical activity decisions

10. My Plate: Problem Set#2, Q1b In 2011, USDA formed MyPlate to accompany the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2010. MyPlate is designed to convey 7 key messages: 1.Enjoy food, but eat less 2.Avoid oversize portions 3.Make half your plate fruits and vegetables 4.Drink water instead of sugary drinks 5.Switch to fat-free or low-fat (1%) milk 6.Compare sodium in foods 7.Make at least half your grains whole grains

11. Using MyPlate food guide in dietary planning 1.Determine the amount of calories you should eat each day 1.Become familiar with the types of food in each group, number of recommended servings, and serving sizes 2.Plan your meals and snacks using the suggested serving sizes

12. Exchange List Foods are grouped by food type and the amount of macronutrients in each portion: – Starches – Fruits – Milk – Other carbs – Vegetables – Meats and meat substitutes – Fats It is usually used by people with diabetes and/or by weight-control programs.

13. Recommendations for the Nutrient Intake: the DRIs DRI = Dietary Reference Intakes – DRIs are a set of scientifically-based nutrient reference values for healthy populations – DRIs is a umbrella term that describes four types of reference values: Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) Adequate Intake (AI) Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL)

14. Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) – Amount that meets the nutrient requirements of 50% of people in a life- stage and gender group

15. Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) – Amount that meets the needs of most people (97-98%) in a life-stage and gender group – RDA is calculated from the EAR

16. Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) Adequate Intake (AI) – AI is used when EAR and RDA cannot be determined – Amount thought to be adequate for most people – AI is not equivalent to EAR – Examples of AI nutrients: Fl, Cl, Mn, K, Na, total fiber, Water.

17. Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (UL): maximum level of daily nutrient intake that poses little risk of adverse health effects to almost all of the individuals in a defined group. – Intake above the UL can be ______________________ – Some ULs for certain nutrients are still unknown. (e.g. Arsenic)

18. Dietary Reference Intakes for energy in food Estimated Energy Requirement (EER): – Similar to EAR Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR)”: – “% of total energy intake.”

19. Introducing Food Labels During 1970-1980s, research about the the role of diet in chronic diseases increased In 1990, Congress passed the Nutrition Labeling and Education Act (NLEA) for food package to have ingredient list, allergy warnings and nutrient info. 1994: Nutrition labels start to appear on foods FDA vs. USDA – FDA: oversees most of the U.S. food supplies – USDA: oversees supply of meat, poultry, egg products

20. Food Labels What are mandatory information on food labels? 1.Name of the food 2.Net weight of the food itself 3.Name and address of manufacturer, packer, distributor 4.List of ingredients 5.Nutrition information

21. Standard format of Nutrition Facts panel

22. Food Labels – Daily Values

23. 3 Claims that can be made for food and dietary supplements (PS#2, Q3) Check out “FYI Definitions for Nutrient Content Claims on Food Labels” (pg. 60-61) 1. Nutrient content claims Regulated by the NLEA and FDA Use meaningful terms: ____________________ Reduce misleading claims: “fat free,” “cholesterol free,” etc.

24. Claims that can be made for food and dietary supplements 2. Health claim: a statement that the food or a substance in the food is linked to reduced risk of disease

25. Claims that can be made for food and dietary supplements 3. Structure/function claim: statement that claim a potential benefit on body structures or functions.

26. New Look for Food Labels (2014)

27. Controversy with Froot Loops Oct 2008: Smart Choices is a program sponsored by the food industry (General Mills, Kellogg’s, Kraft, Pepsi, etc.) to promote a standardized symbol in front of the package for consumer information. Liberal criteria