1. HURRICANE SANDY THE TENTH HURRICANE AND FIRST SUPERSTORM OF 2012 October 22– November ?, 2012 Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, University of North Carolina, USA

2. TROPICAL STORM SANDY AKA “FRANKENSTORM” FORMED ON OCT. 22 ND Sandy quickly became a CAT 1 hurricane that left 58 dead and devastation in the Caribbean and the Bahamas before making landfall in New Jersey and transforming into a Super Storm

3. TROPICAL STORM SANDY: OCTOBER 22

4. CAT I HURRICANE SANDY: OCTOBER 24

5. FORECAST FOR SANDY: OCTOBER 24

6. OCTOBER 24: CAT I HURRRICANE SANDY MADE LANDFALL NEAR KINGSTON, THE CAPITOL OF JAMACIA Schools and businesses were closed and people in low-lying areas at risk from flooding were evacuated

7. SANDY: OCTOBER 24 Sandy, the season’s tenth hurricane, became a huge storm with wind and rain bands reaching out 500 km or more from the storm center, producing 15-50 cm of rain in Jamaica, Bermuda, Haiti, Dominican Republic, and Cuba

8. SANDY: HOPE RIVER RISING; KINGSTON, JAMAICA

9. KINGSTON, JAMACIA: FIRE FROM FAULTY GENERATOR

10. SANDY: PREPARATION IN PORT AU PRINCE, HAITI

11. SANDY: RAIN IN HAITI

12. SANDY: RAIN IN PORT AU PRINCE, HAITI

13. SANDY: BRIDGE WASHED AWAY; PORT AU PRINCE, HAITI

14. SANDY: HUGE WAVES IN SANTA DOMINGO, DOMINICAN REPUBLIC

15. SANDY: FLOODING IN LA JAVILLA, SANTA DOMINGO

16. SANDY: WIND DAMAGE IN SANTIAGO DE CUBA

17. SANDY: WAVES IN HAVANA. CUBA: OCTOBER 25

18. SANDY: RAIN BEGINS IN FORT LAUDERDALE, FLORIDA; OCT. 26

19. SANDY: FRIDAY; OCT, 26

20. SANDY’S FORECAST: OCT 26

21. A STATE OF EMERGENCY DECLARED FOR USA’s EASTERN SEABOARD STATES OCTOBER 26

22. LIKELY IMPACTS OF SANDY ON “FLORIDA SATURDAY”-- OCTOBER 27 Miami, Florida, which was already water-logged from 1 ½ meters of rain this summer, is expected to experience more rain, gusty winds, huge waves, and dangerous rip tides as a temporarily weakened Sandy continues to move northward in Florida’s warmer waters.

23. POSSIBILE DISASTER SCENARIOS AFTER SATURDAY, OCTOBER 27 Sandy could veer northeastward and eventually die in the Atlantic, OR, MORE LIKELY …

24. POSSIBILE DISASTER SCENARIOS (continued) As Sandy moves northward, it could combine with a cold front weather system and become a powerful, long- duration “SUPERSTORM (AKA NOR’EASTER) causing potential losses in excess of $1 billion dollars, bringing heavy rain, high winds, 2 ½ m storm surge, and 10 million power outages.

25. OCTOBER 27 As of 11 a.m., the center was located about 355 miles (590 km) southeast of Charleston, SC, moving at 75 mph (125 kph), with a pressure of 958 mb

26. FEMA’S IMMEDIATE ACTIONS FEMA is working with state and local governments and pointing the public to the Ready. gov website NASA is providing live tracking of the storm online The National Hurricane Center is providing an ongoing public advisory

27. URILITY COMPANIES IMMEDIATE ACTIONS Anticipating a long-duration storm with many downed trees and 10 million associated power outages, utility companies are preparing back-up crews and positioning assets in advance to cope with the potential impacts.

28. NASA PHOTO OF HURRICANE SANDY: OCTOBER 24

29. OCEAN CITY, MD: PREPARATION FOR SANDY

30. CAPE MAY, NEW JERSEY: PREPARATION FOR SANDY

31. COLD SPRING, NEW JERSEY: PREPARATION FOR SANDY

32. NEW YORK CITY: PREPARATION TO PREVENT SUBWAY FLOODING

33. NEW YORK CITY BEGINS TO PREPARE FOR SANDY’S IMPACTS Mayor Michael Bloomberg activated the city's emergency management situation room and had city agencies preparing for potential evacuations and a possible shutdown of the transit system

34. SUNDAY, OCTOBER 28 Sandy is expected to make history as it is transformed from a hurricane to a “Super Storm” on Tuesday, affecting 60 million people with tropical force winds extending outward from the center for 700 miles (1,125 km) and historic 2 ½ m storm surges

35. SUNDAY, OCTOBER 28 A 24-36 HOUR HIGH WIND ADVISORY WAS ISSUED FOR NORTHERN VIRGINIA STARTING ON MONDAY MORNING (OCT. 29) EVACUATIONS HAVE BEGUN IN THE TRI-STATE AREA OF NEW JERSEY, NEW YORK, AND CONNECTICUT IN ANTICIPATION OF LANDFALL IN NEW JERSEY ON TUESDAY (OCT. 30)

36. SUNDAY, OCTOBER 28 (Continued) Coastal communities in Delaware ordered to evacuate by 8:00 pm today. Utility crews have started trimming trees to prevent some of the anticipated 10 million, long-duration power outages.

37. SUNDAY, OCTOBER 28 (Continued) New York City closed bus and subway systems on Sunday evening because of the threat of subway flooding and announced that schools for 1.1 million children would be closed on Monday (Oct. 29). Over 1,000 airline flights were cancelled on Sunday; 1,200 on Monday.

38. SHORT SUMMARY OF RISK REDUCTION STRATEGIES

39. E WIND DAMAGE UNACCEPTABLE RISK WATER DAMAGE LOSS OF FUNCTION ECONOMIC LOSS DEATHS RISKRISK

40. WIND PENETRATING BUILDING ENVELOPE SEVERE WINDSTORMS UPLIFT OF ROOF SYSTEM FLYING DEBRIS STORM SURGE IRREGULARITIES IN ELEVATION AND PLAN SITING PROBLEMS FLOODING AND LANDSLIDES CAUSES OF DAMAGE “DISASTER LABORATORIES”

41. EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES FOR REDUCING THE RISK REAL TIME FORECASTS OF PATH AND PHYSICAL EFFECTS MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGIES (E.G., DOPPLER RADAR, WIND SPEEDS; PRESSURE, INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION) REAL TIME FORECASTS OF PATH AND PHYSICAL EFFECTS MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGIES (E.G., DOPPLER RADAR, WIND SPEEDS; PRESSURE, INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION) DATABASES WIND ENGINEERING MAPS: STORM SURGE DISASTER SCENARIOS STORM CHASER PLANES/DRONES WARNING SYSTEMS RISK MODELING (E.G., HAZUS, INSURANCE UNDERWRITING) DATABASES WIND ENGINEERING MAPS: STORM SURGE DISASTER SCENARIOS STORM CHASER PLANES/DRONES WARNING SYSTEMS RISK MODELING (E.G., HAZUS, INSURANCE UNDERWRITING)

42. RISK REDUCTION STRATEGIES PURPOSE MONITORING FOR COMPUTER MODELING PROTECTION PURPOSE MONITORING FOR COMPUTER MODELING PROTECTION TECHNIQUE DOPPLER RADAR; PLANES; DRONES; SATTELITES; INTL SPACE STATION WIND-RESILIENT CONSTRUCTION; PLYWOOD; STORM SHUTTERS TECHNIQUE DOPPLER RADAR; PLANES; DRONES; SATTELITES; INTL SPACE STATION WIND-RESILIENT CONSTRUCTION; PLYWOOD; STORM SHUTTERS

43. PROTECTION ACTIONS TO KEEP THE WIND AND RAIN OUT OF THE HOUSE CAN BE TAKEN IN ADVANCE OF THE STORM TO PREVENT LOSS.

44. NATURAL HAZARDS FOR WHICH EVACUATION IS TYPICAL FLOODS HURRICANES TYPHOONS TSUNAMIS VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS WILDFIRES HIGH BENEFIT/COST FOR SAVING LIVES, BUT LOW BEMEFIT/COST FOR PROTECTING PROPERTY GOAL: MOVE PEOPLE OUT OF HARM’S WAY

45. IF YOU CHOOSE NOT TO EVACUATE, YOU MUST ADAPT TO THE IMPACTS OF THE WIND, RAIN, SNOW, FLOODING, MUDSLIDES, AND HEALTH IMPACTS THAT ARE LIKELY TO HAPPEN