1. MARCH 11-14, 2011 EXAMPLES OF NO PLACE TO GO AND NO ONE TO RESCUE JAPAN AFTER 2:46 PM, MARCH 11 Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, University of North Carolina, USA

2. THE EARTHQUAKE IS NOW A M9.0 EVENT The MEGA- earthquake, which struck at 2:46 pm on Friday, March 11 th, would have caused a disaster….

3. THE EARTHQUAKE IS NOW A M9.0 EVENT …BUT JAPAN was well prepared to cope with it.

4. A 7-10 M TSUNAM FOLLOWED IN ABOUT 10 MINUTES Japan was well prepared to cope with a tsunami, but ….

5. A 7-10 M TSUNAM FOLLOWED IN ABOUT 10 MINUTES This tsunami was devastating, inun- dating towns, im- mobilizing airports and roads, destroy- ing buildings, and treating everything (e.g., people, cars) in its path as debris.

6. VERTICAL EVACUATION: ROOF OF SCHOOL BUILDING

7. BACKGROUND

8. TSUNAMI HAZARDS (AKA POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS) HIGH-VELOCITY, LONG-PERIOD WATER WAVES WAVE RUNUP FLOODING WAVE RETREAT SHORELINE EROSION

9. ADVANCE WARNING AND VERTICAL EVACUATION ARE THE KEYS TO SURVIVING A TSUNAMI ON MARCH 11 TH, MANY PEOPLE HAD TOO LITTLE WARNING AND NO PLACE TO GO

10. NATURAL HAZARDS FOR WHICH EVACUATION IS TYPICAL FLOODS HURRICANES TYPHOONS TSUNAMIS VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS WILDFIRES HIGH BENEFIT/COST FOR SAVING LIVES, BUT LOW BENEFIT/COST FOR PROTECTING PROPERTY GOAL: MOVE PEOPLE OUT OF HARM’S WAY

11. HIGH VELOCITY IMPACT OF INCOMING WAVES TSUNAMIS INLAND DISTANCE OF WAVE RUNUP VERTICAL HEIGHT OF WAVE RUNUP INADEQUATE RESISTANCE OF BUILDINGS FLOODING INADEQUATE HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL EVACUATION PROXIMITY TO SOURCE OF TSUNAMI CAUSES OF DAMAGE “DISASTER LABORATORIES”

12. MONITORING TECHNOLOGIES AND WARNING SYSTEMS ARE A VITAL PART OF THE STORY.

13. KNOWING WHERE, WHEN, AND WHY A TSUNAMI OCCURS IS A VITAL PART OF THE ART AND SCIENCE OF INTELLIGENT EVACUATION.

14. INTELLIGENT EVACUATION:LEAVE THE AREA OR EVACUATE VERTICALLY LEAVE, IF ENOUGH ADVANCE WARNING EVACUATE TO A TALL BUILDING OR A HIGHER ELEVATION TO GET BEYOND REACH OF THE TSUNAMI’S WAVE RUNUP. LEAVE, IF ENOUGH ADVANCE WARNING EVACUATE TO A TALL BUILDING OR A HIGHER ELEVATION TO GET BEYOND REACH OF THE TSUNAMI’S WAVE RUNUP.

15. THE ART AND SCIENCE OF KNOWING WHEN TO EVACUATE BEFORE A TSUNAMI WAVE ARRIVES AND WHERE TO GO CAN BE THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN LIFE AND DEATH.

16. EVACUATION FOR A TSUNAMI IS COMPLICATED BY: 1) THE SHORT TIME BETWEEN THE EARTHQUAKE AND THE TSUNAMI WAVE ARRIVAL, AND 2) DAMAGE AND LOSS OF FUNCTION TO BUILDINGS AND INFRASTRUCTURE CAUSED BY THE EARTHQUAKE AND ITS AFTERSHOCK SEQUENCE.

17. WHEN YOU CHOOSE NOT TO EVACUATE, OR YOU ARE UNABLE TO EVACUATE, THE ODDS FOR SURVIVAL ARE LOWER, BECAUSE ---

18. YOU CAN’T OUTRUN OR DIVERT 10-M-HIGH, DEBRIS-LADEN, OCEAN WAVE THAT ARRIVES WITH A HIGH VELOCITY (E.G., 30+ KM/HR) AND MOVES RAPIDLY INLAND FOR 2-3 KM, OR MORE

19. DETAILS OF THE STORY IN JAPAN

20. TSUNAMI WAVES DEVASTATE SENDAI

21. INUNDATION

22. TSUNAMI DAMAGE

25. SEARCH AND RESCUE IS OFTEN THE LAST BEST CHANCE FOR SURVIVAL, BUT IT HAS LIMITS ON MARCH 14 TH, SOME SEARCH AND RESCUE TEAMS FOUND NO ONE TO RESCUE

26. NATORI: NO ONE TO RESCUE; MARCH 14

27. NATORI: NO ONE TO RESCUE EXCEPT A DOG; MARCH 14

28. NO ONE TO RESCUE