1. MAJOR DIVISIONS OF KINGDOM PLANTAE

2. CHARACTERISTICS OF PLANTS
Lack mobility
Cells are eukaryotic
Numerous organelles
Cell walls contain cellulose
Photosynthetic
CO2 + H2O C6H12O6 + O2
Vascular plants:
Have both xylem & phloem tissue
Used to transport dissolved materials throughout the plant
Non-Vascular Plants
Do not have xylem & phloem

3. BRYOPHYTES:MOSSES & FERNS
Mosses are non-vascular
Transportation of water & nutrients occurs through elongated cells
Sporophyte & gametophyte generations occur in the same plant
Only gametophyte plants are photosynthetic
Haploid spores are produced by meiosis in the sporoangium
Spore germinates and grows by mitosis into a protonema
Protonema grows into a gametophyte plant with sex organs
Sperm transfer occurs in moist conditions only
A zygote develops into a sporophyte

5. Ferns have a vascular system
Ferns do not produce seeds or flowers
Gametophyte plant (prothallus) has rhizoids instead of roots.
Sperm produced in the archeogonia
Eggs produced in the antheridia
Sperm transfer in moist conditions only
Prothallus withers sporophyte plant matures
Frond (leaf) is the familiar part of the plant
Sori on underside of leaf produces haploid spores

6. LIFE CYCLE OF FERN

7. GYMNOSPERMS Cone bearing plants & most have needle like leaves
“naked seeds” in cones (pine cones)
male cones produce pollen
female cones produce eggs
Pollen gets trapped by sticky sap produced by female cones
Fertilization takes place, embryo develops
Ovule contains the embryo
Mature “seeds” then fall out of female cone

8. ANGIOSPERMS Flowering plants: male part (anther) produces pollen
female part (ovule) produces egg
Pollination aided by wind, water, insects, birds, bats
Pollen gets trapped in the female stigma & a pollen tube grows towards the ovule.
Pollen reaches the egg forms the zygote
Zygote develops into embryo, which remains in the ripened ovule now called a seed
Seeds develop inside fruit