1. Veterinary Virology  Clinical presentation  Diagnosis  Molecular characteristics  Treatment  Disease control

2. Lilly – 8 week old beagle x spaniel

3. Diagnostic tests

4. Canine parvovirus  ssDNA virus, 5000 nucleotides  Non enveloped  Discovered in late 1970s  Replicates in rapidly dividing cells  intestinal cells - enteritis  lymphoid cells - panleukopaenia

5. Treatment of canine parvovirus IVFT Antibiotics Analgesia Gastroprotectants Anti-emetics

6. Prevention  Vaccination  Parvovirus  Canine adenovirus 1+2  Distemper  Parainfluenza virus  (Leptospirosis)  (Coronavirus)  (Rabies)  Isolation – strict biosecurity

7. Bobby, 2 year old MN rabbit

8. Myxomatosis Classic clinical signs Swelling of eyelids with ocular discharge Swellings around nose and base of ear Swollen genitalia Very lethargic and inappatent

9. Virus characteristics  Pox virus, ‘myxoma virus’  Enveloped, dsDNA, 162,000nt genome  Avoids recognition by immune system - produce proteins that mimic host cell receptors and cytokines  Discovered in 1896, Uruguay  Benign infection in South American rabbits, but fatal disease in European rabbit Oryctalagus cuniculus

10. Treatment and control No known treatment. 95% die of infection within a few days Vaccination Every 6 months Viral haemorrhagic disease virus

11. Hill Farm, 60 head beef cattle, 400 sheep

12. Foot and Mouth virus (FMDV) Picornavirus +ve ssRNA, non enveloped, 8.4Kbp genome Transmitted by direct contact, fomites and aerosol Replicates in epithelium at entry site before inducing viraemia Does it kill all hosts?

13. Control  Cull  Strict biosecurity  Enforced movement bans / quarantine  Vaccination?

14. Litter of kittens, 6 weeks old

15. ‘Cat Flu’ – FCV, FHV and chlamydophila Feline calicivirus [FCV] ssRNA non enveloped virus Numerous strains Spread by oro/nasal secretions, direct or fomites Can be acute or persistent Variable clinical signs whilst shedding Stomatitis

16. Feline herpesvirus [FHV] dsDNA enveloped virus Single strain Acute initial infection 2- 4wks, then establishes latency in up to 90% cases Reactivation can occur after stress

17. Treatment and control  TLC  Antibiotics  Decongestants Owner education is important Vaccination FCV FHV Feline panleukopaenia virus Chlamydophila FeLV

18. Harris, ME 5yr old DSH

19. Investigations

20. Feline immunodeficiency virus [FIV]

21.  Retrovirus, ssRNA, 9400 nt  Identified in 1986  Transmitted by saliva-blood contact e.g. bites  Initial viraemia, then only low levels of virus for x months before immunodeficiency develops  No recovery from infection occurs but cases can survive a number of years (similar to HIV)  2-3% cats in UK have FIV Feline immunodeficiency virus [FIV]