3.  Sound rarely draws a great deal of attention from audience members even though it is crucial to our experience of televisual media ◦ It just ‘is’  However, it is crucial to the realism, emotional impact, and meaning of the narrative

4.  Diegetic sound is all audio that is part of the story—at least one character is able to hear it ◦ Objective: available to all characters ◦ Subjective: internal to a few or only one character  Nondiegetic sound is the sound that the audience can hear but the characters cannot ◦ Orchestration ◦ Voice-over from heterodiegetic narrator

5.  Perhaps the most compelling impact of sound is its role in generating emotion  Voice  Music  Tempo/Timbre/Volume  Sound effects

6.  Radio commercials  http://www.babble-on- recording.com/samples.html http://www.babble-on- recording.com/samples.html  http://www.clioawards.com/winners/ http://www.clioawards.com/winners/  http://www.radiomercuryawards.com/rma20 09/audiolibrary.cfm http://www.radiomercuryawards.com/rma20 09/audiolibrary.cfm

7.  Though we rarely pay much attention, we are used to a vast array of sounds in our environment ◦ Their absence or inappropriateness will lessen the feeling of realism generated by a film, TV show, or even videogame  Offscreen sounds and noises, etc. provide an imaginary environment appropriate to certain characters, actions, etc. ◦ Sells the setting ◦ Provides information unavailable visually

8. ◦ The co-occurrence of sounds and visual action hides the construction of both from view  Sounds sell visual effects

9.  Star Wars ◦ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i0WJ-8B6aUM http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i0WJ-8B6aUM ◦ Lightsabre (Ben Burtt) ◦ Sounds  Wall-E (Ben Burtt) ◦ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6ghwbcgby6E&f eature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6ghwbcgby6E&f eature=related

10.  The meaning of certain actions or phenomena is unclear without sound ◦ Music, etc. that has prior meaning may ‘explain’ onscreen action  2001: A Space Odyssey  http://www.youtube.com/user/hetfield1984#p/u http://www.youtube.com/user/hetfield1984#p/u ◦ The juxtaposition of incompatible sound and video may indicate irony, satire, etc.  Dr. Strangelove

11.  Sound may be the main source of enjoyment ◦ Video complements the sound rather than vice versa  Musicals  Music videos

12.  Sound effects, narration, dialogue, orchestration carry over from shot to shot or even scene to scene  The musical score or signature sounds may be reintroduced from episode to episode or throughout a series of independent but linked episodes

13.  Recorded during production ◦ Mostly dialogue  Boom microphone v. Lavalier v. close- miking ◦ Especially difficult on location (ambient sounds)

14. Megan Silverstein: http://www.domgee.com/findresume.html

15.  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y15eNbH g8Uc http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y15eNbH g8Uc  Production Sound Designer

16.  Dubbing ◦ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YSm9DDxQv8E&feature =related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YSm9DDxQv8E&feature =related  Automatic Dialogue Replacement (ADR) or ‘looping’ ◦ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NwZwTP52aIc&feature= related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NwZwTP52aIc&feature= related  Sound Effects ◦ Gathering sounds  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XCpFtGCAgfI http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XCpFtGCAgfI ◦ Prerecorded/libraries ◦ Foley process ◦ Specially constructed

17.  Music ◦ Orchestration ◦ Popular music  Brings important meaning/allusions with it

18.  Postproduction mixing ◦ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6C1rNqdblMs&f eature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6C1rNqdblMs&f eature=related