1. Imperialism
What is it?
Opposing Imperialism
Supporting Imperialism

2. Spanish-American War “A splendid little war.”
Spain controlled Cuba, Puerto Rico, Philippines, and Guam.
Cubans rebel against the Spanish. Spain puts many of the rebels in concentration camps. 1/8th of Cuba’s population (200,000) died of illness and starvation.
This concerned the U.S. for two reasons:
1. Many U.S. businesses had invested in Cuba
2. Cuba is only 90 miles from Florida.

3. Spanish-American War
President McKinley offered to buy Cuba, but Spain refused.
Yellow Journalism - exaggerating and sensationalizing news to achieve a goal.
Publishers wrote about Spanish crimes and atrocities in Cuba.
Many people wanted a war.
Publisher William Randolph Hearst said “You give me pictures and I will give you a war.”

4. Spanish-American War

5. Spanish-American War “Remember the Maine!”
On February 15, 1898, the U.S. battleship Maine was anchored near Havana when it exploded, killing 260.
U.S. claims it was a Spanish mine; Spain claims there were no mines. What did the “yellow press” say?
“Remember the Maine!”

6. Spanish-American War
When Spain refuses to leave Cuba, the U.S. declared war on April 25, 1898.
Last war was 34 years before (longest span between U.S. wars). U.S. is unprepared for the war:
- uniforms
- ammunition
- medical supplies
- food

7. Spanish-American War
Before war was declared, the Assistant Secretary of the Navy decided to include the Philippines in the war.
While the Secretary was out, he ordered the U.S. fleet in Hong Kong (under Admiral George Dewey) to sail to Manila Bay.

8. Spanish-American War
On May 1, 1898, the U.S. fleet attacked the weaker Spanish fleet in Manila Bay. The battle lasted one day.
The Spanish fleets surrendered and turned the Philippines over to the U.S.

9. Spanish-American War In Cuba, the main focus was the city of Santiago.
Both the U.S. and Spain send fleets to Santiago Bay. When the Spanish fleet arrives, the U.S. begins a blockade.

10. Spanish-American War
Theodore Roosevelt left the Navy to lead a cavalry regiment called the “Rough Riders”.
The “Rough Riders” helped the war by charging up and holding onto San Juan Hill (which overlooks Santiago),

11. Spanish-American War
The U.S. fleet (under Admiral Sampson) trapped the Spanish fleet (under Admiral Cervera) in Santiago Bay.
Instead of surrendering, Cervera chose to run the blockade and is annihilated.

12. Spanish-American War

13. Spanish-American War
Two weeks after the naval battle, Santiago surrendered.
The U.S. Navy then captured Puerto Rico.

14. Spanish-American War
On August 29, 1898, both countries agree to an armistice.
One of the shortest U.S. wars. (4 months)
One of the most decisive wars. (won all major battles)
Death toll: 5,462
Battle Deaths: 379
Deaths from disease: 5,083 (yellow fever, dysentery, malaria)

15. Spanish-American War
On December 10, 1898, Treaty of Paris is signed, ending the war.
Treaty gave U.S. control of Cuba, Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Guam.
Question: What do we do with these new lands?

16. Spanish-American War

17. Philippine Insurrection

18. Philippine Insurrection
Emilio Aguinaldo

19. Anti-Imperialism League
Mark Twain
Andrew Carnegie
William Jennings Bryan

20. Anti-Imperialism League

21. Panama Canal

23. Roosevelt Corollary
“Speak softly and carry a big stick”

24. Roosevelt Corollary

25. Roosevelt Corollary
Guantanamo Bay