1. Motivation at Work Group 2 Tina Exum David Embers Morgan Bowne Wei Cai

2. Blueprint  Define motivation  Manslow’s hierachy of needs  Theory of motivation  Expectancy theory Motivation

3. Motivation is the process of arousing and sustaining goal-directed behavior. Motivation next level When a level of needs is satisfied, it no longer motivates. Individuals then move on to the next level of needs Individuals drive toward self- actualization

4. Three Theories of Motivation  Internal Focus on variables within individual that lead to motivation and behavior.  Process Emphasize nature of interaction between individual and environment.  External Focus on elements in the environment to explain motivation and behavior. Motivation

5. MANSLOW HIERACHY OF NEEDS Maslow wanted to understand what motivates people. He believed that individuals possess a set of motivation systems unrelated to rewards. Maslow (1943) stated that people are motivated to achieve certain needs. When one need is fulfilled a person seeks to fulifil the next one, and so on. The earliest and most widespread version of Maslow's (1943, 1954) hierarchy of needs includes five motivational needs, often depicted as hierachical levels within a pyramid.

6. 1 Motivation

7. MANSLOW HIERACHY OF NEEDS Example From Case Study: The process of constructing a green/energy efficient building must be done through levels of needs. Levels will focus on cost reduction and waste reduction and will achieve productivity and profitability. To achieve success in constructing a green building we must start from the bottom and finish then progress to the next level

8. McGreggors Theory X and Theory Y Lower Order Needs: -physiological -safety needs Higher Order Needs: -Social - esteem - self-actualization Motivation

9. McGreggor’s Theory X assumptions are suitable for those individuals motivated by the lower order needs that people lack ambition, dislike responsibility and work as little as possible prefer to be lead, but are also resistant to change Motivation

10. McGreggor’s Theory Y For individuals motivated by the higher order needs organized, have potential for development, and assume responsibility strong and ready to direct others and excel at task management. Motivation

11. McGreggor’s X Theory and Y Theory Now, this theory is helpful when one recognizes an individual’s achievement of Theory Y. Because of the recognition of Theory Y, Fortune 1000 corporations arise and excel at employee motivations. Motivation Example From Case Study: - Theory X individuals that are having to be persuaded understand that there is a need to save energy and go green. -Theory Y position are doing whatever needs to be done to save our communities.

12. McGreggor’s X Theory and Y Theory Motivation

13. Expectancy Theory of Motivation Motivation Problems 1. Failure to believe in a correlation between effort and performance 2. Believing that performance will not cause rewards. 3. Rewards are unappealing or dissatisfying to one and thus the reward offered is no longer desired Moral Maturity Moral Maturity is measured by someone’s moral development and decisions based upon ethical principles. Motivation

14. Expectancy Theory of Motivation 3 key points: 1. Valence: Value or importance of something to an individual 2. Expectancy: Belief that efforts lead to performance 3. Instrumentality: Performance correlates to rewards Motivation

15. Expectancy Theory It explains motivation in terms of an individual’s perception of the performance process. Two Basic Notions of Expectancy Theory 1. People expect certain outcomes of behavior and performance. 2. People believe that the effort they put forth is related to the performance they achieve and the outcomes they receive Motivations Example From Case Study

16. Model of Expectancy Theory Example From Case Study Pittsburgh city Motivations