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Introduction to the Renaissance
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Renaissance A cultural awakening, or rebirth, that signaled the beginning of the modern era. Rebirth of classical ideas: art, architecture, philosophy, literature, finance, views of the world, etc.
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Inspired by...
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Renaissance Years: 1400-1600 (approximately) Began in Italy Florence Spread to Northern Europe Never hit certain countries like Holy Roman Empire Baltics Poland Russia.
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Setting the Stage Went through war and plague Want to celebrate life More about the individual Start to question previous institutions Church
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Why Italy? One of the first effected by the plague = first country to return to health and city life Less work force, Increase wages Low business, pursue other interests Church weakened by plague and closest to Italy (Vatican) = more secular approach, more concern for the arts
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Why Italy Warm more food more specialization \ Loose confederation of states much easier to change one or two parts, like Venice or Florence than a whole country, like England Breeding ground for intellectual revolution
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The City States of Italy
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Merchants Rich merchants or traders emerged in city-states dominate politics They didn't inherit positions like nobles, so to be successful, they used their brains felt they deserved riches because of their individual merit Individual achievement becomes a cornerstone of Renaissance
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Medici Florence falls under control of a rich banking family the Medici’s Cosimo de Medici rules Florence by using his wealth to loan money and create debt Dictator of Florence for 30 years
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Philosophy: Humanism Intellectual movement focused on secular, or worldly, themes. God-centric people-centric Strong belief in the individual Enjoy life, not to worry about offending God Wanted to use classical beliefs to renew society Focus of Humanities
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The Renaissance Man A man who excelled in many fields was praised as a “universal man” The ideal individual tried to master almost every area of study—WELL EDUCATED Young men should be charming, witty and well educated Dance, sing, write poetry, also a skilled athlete
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The Renaissance Woman Upper class should know the classics as well as be charming However, not to seek fame Should inspire art, but not create it
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Art Art becomes everything Wealthy people become patrons of art Financially supporting artists Would have their own portraits painted and displayed in public – huge ego boost Change in style Medieval: religion to show spiritual idea Renaissance: religion to show realistic style copied from Greeks and Romans Perspective: three dimensions on a flat surface
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Human Measurements Activity
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Duccio-November 1308
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Danse Macabre
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School of Athens by Raphael, fresco, St. Peter’s Basilica, 1510
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Art Leonardo Da Vinci Painter, sculptor, inventor and scientist The ultimate renaissance man Had a large number of notebooks filled with his creations Mona Lisa, The Last Supper
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Raphael Sanzio Studied from the best Famous for use of perspective
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Renaissance Writing Works often reflected the time The use of vernacular Self-expression or individuality New trends begin – still used today
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Petrach and Boccaccio Wrote sonnets – 14 line poems Decameron Realistic and off color stories Tragic and comic views of life
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Machiavelli Imperfect human conduct The Prince Political guidebook People are selfish and corrupt
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The Northern Renaissance After war and plague the cities grew rapidly and the new culture idea begin to spread
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Artistic ideas spread People visited Italy and brought the ideas back home Focus on realism Albrecht Durer Hans Holbein Jan Van Eyck Oil paintings Peter Bruegel
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Writers spread reform Critical about the failure of the Church Christian Humanism movement Education became the most important Desiderius Erasmus & Thomas More The Praise of Folly Utopia Writings become translated into multiple languages
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William Shakespeare Inspired by the classics Dramatic conflict Human flaws Known as one of the greatest playwright
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The Printing Press Chinese invented block printing Brought to England, but process was too slow Johann Gutenberg created the printing press Books could be produced quick and cheap The Gutenberg Bible was the first book Everyone could now afford books A copyist would take up to five months Press could make 500 books in the same time
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Renaissance Legacy Artistic and social change Gradual rise in democratic ideas – individual Secular ideas rather than religious Vernacular even more popular Increased desire for learning All these idea will lead to the Reformation
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