1. By: Mr. Daniell

2. The Thirteen Colonies  There are two major reasons for the establishment of a colony; profit or religious freedom.

3.  Colonial Facts Religion vs. Profit  William Penn’s Pennsylvania was the most religiously tolerant colony.  Rhode Island and Connecticut were founded by religious dissidents.  Maryland experienced several civil wars due to religious intolerance.  Virginia was founded by the Virginia Co. for profit.  Georgia was founded as a haven for debtors(people who owed money.  The Carolinas were chartered and financed by eight English noblemen wanting in on the profitable tobacco cash crop.

4.  New England Colonies

5. Colony # 2: Massachusetts  Founded in 1620 by the Pilgrims.  Plymouth was the original name of the settlement.  John Carver was the leader of the Pilgrims and author of the Mayflower Compact.  Puritans then came and settled Boston (Mass. Bay Colony)  John Winthrop was the governor of this settlement.  New England Colony Plymouth PlantationPlymouth Plantation, with Cape Cod Bay visible in the distance Cape Cod Bay Mayflower in Plymouth Harbor by William Halsall (1882)

6. Colony # 2: Massachusetts The first Thanksgiving.

7. Colony #4: Rhode Island IIn 1636, Rhode Island became a colony after Roger Williams, a clergyman, obtained a charter from England to form the colony. HHe spoke out against the Puritans strictness and went to this area to settle and provide religious choice. RRhode Island also had freedom of religion. NNew England Colony Roger Williams “minister, author”

8. Colony #5: Connecticut AAlso founded in 1636 by a clergyman by then name of Thomas Hooker. HHe led a group of people from Rhode Island to start their own colony and they had f reedom of religion. NNew England Colony A map of the Connecticut, New Haven, and Saybrook colonies.

9. Colony #9: New Hampshire  Sold to the king of England in 1679.  Royal colony: king chooses governor and no elected government.  New England Colony

10.   Land – rocky soil  Climate – Long cold winters and a short growing season prevented the cultivation of many crops  Major city: Boston Physical Characteristics of New England Colonies

11.   Immigrants supplied manufacturers with a new source of labor.  Most people lived in cities, towns, or villages. Rural residents were less common than in the South. New England Human Characteristics

12.   Pilgrims – founders of Plymouth Colony who came to America for religious freedom New England Human Characteristics

13.   Puritans – founders of Massachusetts Bay Colony came to America for religious freedom and to “purify” the Church of England. New England Human Characteristics

14.   Roger Williams – founded the colony of Rhode Island (RI)for religious freedom after escaping from imprisonment in Massachusetts Bay Colony (MBC) New England Human Characteristics

15.   Anne Hutchinson – helped settle Rhode Island after being exiled from Massachusetts Bay Colony New England Human Characteristics

16.   John Winthrop – Puritan leader of Boston; governor of Massachusetts; instrumental in the expulsion of Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson New England Human Characteristics

17.   Manufacturing( fast-flowing rivers created water power needed for milling) New England Economic Activities

18.   Trade (deep water harbors and rivers) New England Economic Activities

19.   Shipping and shipbuilding (harbors) New England Economic Activities

20.   Lumbering New England Economic Activities

21.   Furs New England Economic Activities

22.   Fishing and Whaling New England Economic Activities

23.   Because of unproductive land and poor climate, practiced subsistence farming (farming whose products are intended to provide for the basic needs of the farmer, with a small additional amount for trade)(growing enough for your family and a little for trade)  Grew Corn and Wheat New England Economic Activities

24.  The Middle Colonies

25. Colony #8: New York  Started as New Netherland, a Dutch colony in 1609  James Duke of York was given it from Charles II.  The English took over in 1664 and renamed it New York.  Middle Colony (Breadbasket Colony) James, Duke of York

26. Colony #10: Pennsylvania  In 1681, William Penn was granted a charter for land between Maryland and New York.  King Charles was in debt to Penn’s father.  Penn was a Quaker and he gave the people two rights: 1. Freedom of Religion 2. Right to elect public officials.  Middle Colony (Breadbasket Colony

27. Colony #11: Delaware  In 1682, the Duke of York granted William Penn this land.  It became a colony in 1704.  Middle Colony (Breadbasket Colony)

28. Colony #12: New Jersey  The Duke of York split this land in half for two friends. (East Jersey & West Jersey)  Government quarrels caused them to be combined in 1702.  Middle Colony (Breadbasket Colony) Map of New Netherland (17th century)

29.   Land – river valleys, fertile soil  Climate – mild winters  Major city: Philadelphia Middle Colonies Physical Characteristics

30.   Most landowners farmed their own land. Human Characteristics in the Middle Colonies

31.   Religious tolerance  More equality and diversity in society Human Characteristics in the Middle Colonies

32.   Quakers – wished to worship freely; treated all people equally, regardless of wealth, religion, race, or gender Human Characteristics in the Middle Colonies

33.   William Penn – Quaker leader who founded Pennsylvania, welcoming all who were willing to work; paid the Native Americans for acquired land and signed a peace treaty with them. (friend of the Indians) Human Characteristics in the Middle Colonies

34.   Some slave labor was used at small farms. Human Characteristics in the Middle Colonies

35.   Fertile land produced grains  Known as the "Bread Basket" Economic Activity in the Middle Colonies

36.   Seaports  Iron works

37.  The Southern Colonies

38. Colony # 1: Virginia  Founded in 1607 (Jamestown)  Captain John Smith is given credit for starting this colony.  Many people at this time wanted to leave their homeland in order to have more freedoms and to not be under the strict rule of the kings of England.  Southern Colony

39. Colony # 1: Virginia Map of Virginia published by John Smith (1612) At Jamestown Settlement, replicas of Christopher Newport's 3 ships are docked in the harbor.Jamestown Settlement Christopher Newport A Pocahontas statue was erected in Jamestown, Virginia in 1922Jamestown, Virginia

40. Colony # 3: Maryland  Founded in 1634 by George Calvert who started a charter but didn’t live to see it come true. He believed all people should have religious freedom.  King Charles I was king and didn’t agree with the religious freedom.  In 1649, the Toleration Act was passed that guaranteed equality of rights for everyone for religion.  Southern Colony George Calvert, Lord Baltimore

41. Colony #6: North Carolina  Founded in 1663 by English nobles.  Charter granted by Charles II.  Charleston: main city was named after Charles II. Became very important port city.  Bad politics forced a split of the colony into North and South.  Southern Colony King Charles II

42. Colony #7: South Carolina  In 1729 South Carolina received its name after a political dispute and became a colony.  Had large plantations for growing crops and raising livestock.  Southern Colony

43. Colony #13: Georgia  It became a colony in 1733.  James Oglethorpe was granted a charter to start Georgia for the poor and unfortunate who leave prison.  It was known as a buffer zone between the Spanish and the English colonies.  Southern Colony

44.   Land –fertile land in the Tidewater region along the East Coast and coastal regions of the Deep South  Climate – mild winters, long growing season  Major city: Charleston (on Atlantic)was a main ports Physical Characteristics of the Southern Colonies

45.   Plantation owners depended on slave labor to cultivate large one-crop operations. Human Characteristics in the Southern Colonies

46.   First Africans came to Jamestown in 1619 as “ servants” – either slaves or indentured servants Human Characteristics in the Southern Colonies

47.   Small farms used family labor.  Small farms were generally found in the Piedmont region Human Characteristics in the Southern Colonies

48.   James Oglethorpe – founded the colony of Georgia as a haven for debtors, Georgia served as a buffer zone with Spanish Florida Human Characteristics in the Southern Colonies

49.   Most inhabitants (people) lived in rural areas and were engaged in agriculture.  Large plantations produced cash crops: tobacco, rice, indigo, cotton, and sugar cane Economic Activity in the Southern Colonies

51.   Rivers could be navigated for transporting agricultural products to market.

52.   Triangular Trade: During colonial times, a triangular trade developed between the British colonies and Africa. New England imported sugar and molasses from the West Indies, made it into rum, shipped it, along with iron, to African countries along the west coast, and traded the rum for gold and slaves who were brought to the colonies to work on tobacco and rice plantations in the South. Growth of Plantation System in the Southern Colonies

54.   The Plantation System was based on cash crops, such as rice, sugar, indigo, or tobacco. Slaves were the source of labor on a plantation. The social structure of the South was based on the number of slaves a planter owned. The largest plantation owners and slaveholders had the highest social status. Poor white non-slaveholders were next. Indentured servants were one social class above the slave. Slaves resisted slavery: an example of a slave rebellion was the Stono Rebellion.

56.  Growth of the Colonies  As the colonies grew their economic, political and religious differences became apparent. ColoniesEconomicPoliticalReligious New EnglandFishing, trade, furs Town Meetings,most democratic Congregational Church (Puritan) MiddleGrain farms “Breadbasket” Representative legislatures Many churches, religious tolerance SouthernPlantations Tobacco, indigo “cash crops” Royal systemAnglican Church, State church

58.  Generalizations about how the environment affected population density :  Early settlements were located on rivers and the coastline. This allowed for easy access to a water source as well as transportation for people and goods.  The Appalachian Mountains served as a barrier to westward expansion to the earliest settlers.

60.   Native Americans - Taught early colonists many important skills for surviving the New World. They taught colonists how to grow crops such as corn and how to build and travel by canoe. Many common American words and place names were originally Native American. Generalizations about contributions of groups to our national identity

61.   African Americans - Brought with them from Africa many important skills that they taught white Americans. For instance, they brought with them the knowledge of rice cultivation. African influences also shaped American music, language and food. Generalizations about contributions of groups to our national identity

62.   Quakers - Due to religious beliefs, the Quakers treated all people equally, regardless of wealth, religion, race, or gender. This is why Quakers made significant contributions to reform movements such as abolition, temperance, and women's rights. Generalizations about contributions of groups to our national identity

63.   Catholics – Established missions for Christianizing Indians from the Mississippi River west to the Pacific Generalizations about contributions of groups to our national identity

64.   Puritans – Jonathan Edwards, a Massachusetts preacher, started the revival of interest in religion, called the Great Awakening Generalizations about contributions of groups to our national identity