1. The Crusades

2. Role of Church in Middle Ages Never was there a time when the Church was so powerful in Western Civilization. The Church was led by popes. Priests and nuns converted, gave care to people

3. Role of Church Monks were spiritual leaders (obviously) Monks were spiritual leaders (obviously) They lived in monasteries that acted like trade schools and YMCAs They lived in monasteries that acted like trade schools and YMCAs

4. Role of Church They spent years transcribing the Bible since the printing press wasn’t used in Europe yet.

5. Churches and Cathedrals during the Middle Ages

6. Role of Church Since there were no strong empires or kingdoms the Church was one organization that had respect and power. Popes were more powerful than kings!

7. Crusades The Crusades were a series of battles between Christians and Muslims in the Middle East. Christian knights wanted to take the Holy Land and give it back to Christians

8. Why was Constantinople so important geographically?

9. Crusades Thousands of knights and “barbarian” soldiers united under Christianity attacked Muslims and Jews in Turkey and Jerusalem to gain the land for Christians. Thousands of knights and “barbarian” soldiers united under Christianity attacked Muslims and Jews in Turkey and Jerusalem to gain the land for Christians.

10. The Crusades There were a total of 7 Crusades There were a total of 7 Crusades First Crusade began in 1059; 9 last one ends in 1272 First Crusade began in 1059; 9 last one ends in 1272 Crusaders marched to Constantinople killing and looting along the way Crusaders marched to Constantinople killing and looting along the way Crusaders take Jerusalem in 1099 Crusaders take Jerusalem in 1099 Need Second Crusade to hold it Need Second Crusade to hold it Jerusalem falls to Muslims in 1187 Jerusalem falls to Muslims in 1187 Fourth Crusade to retake; sack Constantinople Fourth Crusade to retake; sack Constantinople

11. The Arab world was relatively peaceful and civilized at the time. An Arab gentleman was expected to be a… poet philosopher and a warrior. Jerusalem itself was a multicultural city. Jews, Muslims and Christians all lived together harmoniously. Christians on pilgrimages to Jerusalem were freely allowed across to the Holy Places When the Crusades arrived in Northern Turkey, the carnage began. Lycea was captured and looted. babies cut to pieces; old people were tortured. Unfortunately, most of the inhabitants of Lycea were actually Christians… The Arab World

12. Impact of the Crusades Persecution of Jews and Muslims Persecution of Jews and Muslims Economic development via trade Economic development via trade Kings and popes, gained power as a result. Kings and popes, gained power as a result.