1. Solar Energy and International Trade Santa Cruz, California Presentation by Ron Swenson March 31, 2006 www.solarquest.com/workshops/trade/

2. Global Warming over the Past Millennium Very rapidly we have entered uncharted territory… Over the 20 th century, … energy consumption increased sixteenfold. Global warming from the fossil fuel greenhouse became a major, and increasingly dominant, factor in climate change.

3. exports imports Gap USA as a Trading Partner Canada6% Mexico26% Japan53% China63% Saudi Arabia86% Gap

4. oil Sell off Ownership Weapons/Discontent Oil Trade

5. Global Warming isn’t the only challenge we face…

6. Substitution or Deprivation? oil

7. Global Solar Energy Balance Solar Energy Input (TeraWatts)178,000 Reflected to Space Immediately53,000 Absorbed and Then Reflected as Heat82,000 Used to Evaporate Water (Weather)40,000 Captured by Plant Photosynthesis100 Total Energy Used by Human Society 13 Total Energy Used by US Society2.5 Total Human Food Energy 0.6 www.hubbertPeak.com/debate/oilcalcs.htm

8. Corn Cars & Bean Buses?

9. Enriched Uranium Nuclear Technology Policing Non-Proliferation Nuclear Power Trade Nuclear Threat

10. EROI = 4 Thermodynamics of Nuclear Plus … Depletion Low grade ores → Greenhouse gases to process Waste guard for 10,000+ years … How do we value a 1,000 + year wasteland?

11. Thermodynamics of Thin Film PV EROI: 6 months Life: 20 years EROI = 40

12. PV: The Growth Industry Oil declines at 4%/yr PV increases at 50%/yr

13. Solar Technology Jobs Resources Revenue Solar Energy Trade Peace & Prosperity Enriched Lives

14. If canal boats are supplanted by railroads, serious unemployment will result. Captains, cooks, drivers, repairment, and lock tenders will be left without means of livelihood, not to mention the numerous farmers now employed in growing hay for horses. Boat builders would suffer and towline, whip, and harness makers would be left destitute. Martin van Buren, Governor of New York, April 1832.

22. The Galapagos Islands

23. MARCH 2004: REMOTE DATA MONITORING INSTALLED AT 3 SITES TOTAL GRID DEMAND -- SAN CRISTOBAL ISLAND

24. JUNE 2004: MICROSOLAR INSTALLATION AND TRAINING Colegio Nacional Galapagos (Santa Cruz) Two computer labs connected, remote energy monitoring equipment installed, training in solar energy and distance education technologies, cultural exchange with Pennsylvania (US) schools.

25. DECEMBER 2004: ALL TWENTY-TWO STUDENTS COMPLETE PROGRAM WITH HONOURS: Total Community Service Commitment: 4,400 Hours over 9 months THANK YOU e7 - FROM THE TEACHERS AND STUDENTS OF COLEGIO TECNICO IGNACIO HERNANDEZ & COLEGIO NACIONAL GALAPAGOS Dr. Leonidas Salgado, Ph.D., Director La Direccion Provincial de Educacion de Galapagos

26. A WAKE-UP CALL The sun is the only energy source that can meet the oil depletion challenge. But solar energy ramp-up must be large-scale and immediate.

27. more at www.SolarQuest.com/workshops/trade