1. Can Podcars be Driven by Solar Energy? The Podcar City, Uppsala, Sweden Ron Swenson October 2, 2007 www.solarquest.com/workshops

2. Our Generation’s Challenges The 21st century’s twin challenges are: Global Warming (known and manifest) Peak Oil (little known but imminent).

3. Global Warming Fires in Congo & Angola

4. Peak Oil

5. Two Ways to Respond… Germany, Japan, Sweden –Solar Energy –Hybrid Vehicles –Quit use of oil by 2020 USA –Attack Iraq –Alaska National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR oil) –25 x ‘25 … the rape of Soil and Ancient Water cloaked with environmental rhetoric

6. Which way will prevail? “The American way of life is not negotiable.” [G H W Bush, 1992] –Check with the people of New Orleans for more details …. Can we change course in time to avoid catastrophe?

7. Swenson’s Law To avoid deprivation resulting from the exhaustion of non- renewable resources, humanity must employ conservation and renewable resource substitutes sufficient to match depletion. www.OilCrisis.com/Swenson

8. Beating oil addiction with fraud New Generation Vehicle (Clinton) Hydrogen Highway (Schwarzenegger) Cellulosic Ethanol (G W Bush)

9. Pathological PathologicalDisconnect Clean Coal?

10. So what about Corn Cars & Bean Buses?

11. Net Production of Biomass in the USA www.oilcrisis.com/Patzek

12. Compare PV to Biofuels

13. So what about Hydrogen? Am I missing something?! Energy Return on Energy Invested < ½

14. What do the “experts” say? “Active solar power... works, though not nearly as well as fossil fuel… “Alternative energy sources... are … implausible … without the subsidy of oil. The only remaining alternative is nuclear energy.” James Howard Kunstler www.HubbertPeak.com/nuclear

15. Global Solar Energy Balance Solar Energy Input (TeraWatts)178,000 Reflected to Space Immediately53,000 Absorbed and Then Reflected as Heat82,000 Used to Evaporate Water (Weather)40,000 Captured by Plant Photosynthesis100 Total Energy Used by Human Society 13 Total Energy Used by US Society2.5 Total Human Food Energy 0.6 www.hubbertPeak.com/debate/oilcalcs.htm

16. Total Area Required for a PV Power Plant to Produce the Total US Electrical Demand www.ecotopia.com/Apollo2

17. Internal Combustion … Take 26.5 Quads of oil Turn 21.2 into smoke Use 5.3 to run things … How incredibly wasteful!?

18. So what are we going to do? Basky

19. The All-New DonCar! www.OilCrisis.com/Transport

20. Sustainable Transportation Not cars Not airplanes Walking, Horses, Bikes, Sailboats … and Podcars

21. Freeway at Capacity

22. Vehicles Removed

23. PRT Passengers

24. PRT System

25. So what about EVs or Electric Rail?

26. Parasitic Mass

27. Transportation Energy for 100 People Battery ElectricPRT Vehicles10020 Total weight (tons)2005 Battery weight (tons)251 Recycle batteries? %99% Embodied energy ratio501 Battery losses15%<1% Rolling Resistance (at 60 mph)5000 watt500 watt Aerodynamic Drag (at 60 mph)7000 watt (cd=0.2)750 watt (cd=0.1) Parasitic energy Consumption2756 Energy use (watt-hr/mile) ~150~50 (skytran) Safety≈ two 747s/week dieVery safe Quality of life1 hr per day lostQuality time in transit

28. not to mention the numerous farmers now employed in growing hay for horses.[B]oat builders would suffer and towline, whip, and harness makers would be left destitute. Martin van Buren, Governor of New York, April 1832......not to mention the numerous farmers now employed in growing hay for horses. Van Buren 1832 8th President 1837-1841 If canal boats are supplanted by railroads, serious unemployment will result …If canal boats are supplanted by railroads, serious unemployment will result … not to mention the numerous farmers now employed in growing hay for horses.[B]oat builders would suffer and towline, whip, and harness makers would be left destitute. Martin van Buren, Governor of New York, April 1832......not to mention the numerous farmers now employed in growing hay for horses. Van Buren 1832 8th President 1837-1841 If canal boats are supplanted by railroads, serious unemployment will result …If canal boats are supplanted by railroads, serious unemployment will result … A Little Personal History…

29. Tonatiuh www.Ecotopia.com/Tonatiuh

30. Solar on Rail www.SolarEvolution.com/SkyTran

31. SkyTran Solar Solar SkyTran, with aesthetics emphasis and added power at stations

32. Solar on Rail www.SolarEvolution.com/PRT SolarEvolution

33. ElectroRoof

34. Similar Solar Systems Exist

35. 30 mph, operating speed x 2 sec (vehicle interval) = 88 ft between vehicles = 60 vehicles/mi, separated by interval specified x 2 kw @ operating speed = 120 kw needed in a mile stretch 10 hrs at peak operation equivalent ÷ 4 hrs of peak sun equivalent (Coast = 4, Desert = 6) = 2.5 solar factor 120 x 2.5 = 300 kW/mile x $6.00 /watt $1,800,000 /mi 16 watts / sq ft, SunPower, most efficient on market 3.5 ft wide solar panel to meet requirement Calculate Solar size, cost per Mile

36. 25 mpg, average fleet mileage 27,000 passengers per day to match 2.0 people/vehicle 13,500 vehicles/day x $2.50 /gallon fuel price = $33,750 Cost to travel fleet mileage daily $ 12,318,750 Annual cost to travel fleet mileage $ 45,000,000 Cost of solar to cover fleet mileage = 3.7 years payback for solar system to offset gasoline Compare Solar to Gasoline at $2.50/gallon www.SolarEvolution.com/PRT

37. Traffic Nearly Matches Solar Generation

38. Thermodynamics of PV EROI: 5 years Life: 50 years

41. 120,000 TW of solar energy received by the Earth www.ecotopia.com/Apollo2

42. Miles of PRT/Miles of Solar www.jpods.com/HomeSolar.html URBANMiles of Road% converted Lane-Miles of PRT Interstate13,491600%80,946 Other Freeways and Expressways9,175200%18,350 Other Principal Arterial (115-130ft)53,447200%106,894 Minor Arterial (80-106 ft)89,911200%179,822 Collector (60-90 ft)88,604120%106,325 Local Road (little thru traffic)598,514100%598,514 URBAN SUBTOTAL853,1421,090,851 RURAL Interstate33,067200%66,134 Other Principal Arterial98,952100%98,952 Minor Arterial (80-106 ft)137,75150%68,876 Major Collector (60-90 ft)433,75410%43,375 Minor Collector (limited thru traffic)272,36000 Local Road (no thru trafffic)2,102,97700 RURAL SUBTOTAL3,078,8709%277,337 TOTAL miles3,932,01235%1,368,188

43. Exajoules of Solar PRT Expected Network to replace highly repetitive travel 1,368,188 miles of PRT 5,280 feet per mile 0.0000000000000000010 Exajoules/joule10^18 joules/Exajoule 3600joules/watt-hour 5 hrs of effective sunshine 365days Displacement System Energy Per Year from 75% solar automation watts/square footExajoules Width of Collectors 10 2.8 6.0 ft wide 5.7 12.0 ft wide 16 4.5 6.0 ft wide 6.0 8.0 ft wide

44. www.Solarevolution.com