1. The Bill of Rights

2. Nice Job!
“The Constitution is the successor of the Articles of Confederation. The Preamble is the head of the Constitution, which explains why the Constitution was made. Changes to the Constitution are called Amendments. The first ten amendments, which cover the rights of citizens, are called the Bill of Rights.”

3. Consider This
A high school principal has reason to suspect some students of bringing weapons onto campus. After receiving a tip from a teacher, the principal searches the lockers of three students and finds a knife and a small handgun in one student’s locker. The other two lockers turn up nothing.
Nothing gets past me!

4. What Do You Think?
1. In this situation, what rights do the students assigned to these lockers have? 2. What rights does the principal, acting on behalf of the student body, have? 3. On a high school campus, should authorities be allowed to search student lockers whenever they want?

5. Constitutional Principles
Popular Sovereignty
Because the government is created by and for the people, power resides not with the government or its leaders but with the people. In a representative democracy, the people vote to elect leaders to represent their interests.
Rule of Law
The people and their government must abide by a set of laws, rather than by arbitrary rules set down by any individual or group. The Constitution sets limits to governmental power and establishes
how leaders who overstep their power can be removed.

6. Constitutional Principles
Separation of Powers and Checks and Balances
Powers and responsibilities are divided among three government branches to prevent any one person or group from having too much power. A system of checks and balances allows each branch to monitor and check the power of the others to prevent any abuse of government power.
Federalism
Power is divided between the central government and the individual state and local governments.

7. Constitutional Principles
Independent Judiciary
The judicial branch is established as an independent entity, free of pressures and influences from the other two branches. The Supreme Court is the highest authority in the federal court system.
Individual Rights
Individual rights and liberties are protected against government encroachment.

8. Federalism: How Power Flows Through Our Federal Government

9. Who Makes the Decisions?
Copy this Venn diagram in your notebook. List at least 3 decisions in each section.

11. Why Federalism?
Founders believed this
1. Gov. power must be restrained 2. Gov. power poses a threat to individual liberty 3. Dividing gov. power will curb it and prevent its abuse

12. Federal System Federalism 3 levels of government Division of power
National
State
Local

13. Powers of the National Government
Expressed
Stated in the Constitution
Implied
Not expressly stated in the constitution BUT are reasonably suggested
Inherent
Powers that belong to the national government
Expressed : raise taxes, regulate foreign trade, coin money, interstate commerce
Raise and maintain armed forces
Declare war
Grant patents
Weights and measures
Implied
laws which are necessary to carry out laws
Comes from the “necessary and proper clause” (article 1 and 8) or elastic clause
Helps government expand it authority to meet the problems that the founders didn’t foresee
Ex-draft ppl into the military
Inherent powers
b/c it is the sovereign county
Regulate immigration
Acquiring territory
Protecting the nation

14. Powers Denied to the National Government
Expressed
Stated in the Constitution
Denied
Not expressly stated in the Constitution but are implied
Expressed
Denied
Creating a public school system

15. Powers for the States Reserved powers- Denied powers
powers not given to the national government but to the states
Denied powers
Reserved
Given by the 10th amendment
Establish public school
Issue licenses ( driver’s, teacher and professional)
Denied
Found in Article 10 sec 10
Enter into treaties, alliances or considerations
Print or coin money
Tax functions of the national government/agencies

16. National and State Powers
Concurrent Powers
Powers both the national and states have
Concurrent powers
Power to levy and collect taxes
Power to maintain courts and define crime

18. NATIONAL GOVERNMENT’S OBLIGATION TO THE STATES
Republican form of government
Help protect the states
Respect the territorial integrity of each state

19. Interstate Relations Interstate = Between States Interstate Compacts
Full faith and credit
Extradition
Privileges and Immunities Clause
Interstate compacts-
agreements between themselves
Must be approved by congress
Most focus on air and water pollution, toll bridges, development and conservation of natural resources
Full faith and credit
States shall respect laws, records and court actions of other states
ex, marriage licenses , birth certification, wills, divorces
PPl can’t move from state to start to avoid their legal duties and responsibility
Exceptions
Applies only for civil not criminal matters
Extraditions
A legal process by which a fugitive from justice in one state is returned to that state
Governors must approve
Privileges and immunities clause
No state can draw unreasonable distinctions between residents and non residents