1. The Rock Cycle
One kind of rock turns into another which turns into another which turns into another which turns into another

3. Where it all begins

4. Igneous Rocks
Intrusive
Extrusive

5. Intrusive Igneous

7. Extrusive Igneous

9. Basalt
Low Silica – Shield Volcano

10. Andesite – lava from the Andes
High Silica - Stratovolcano

11. Pumice – floating rock!!!
High Silica Stratovolcano

12. Rhyolite
High Silica – Stratovolcano

14. Sedimentary Rocks Clastic – rock fragments - sediments
Organic – shells – dinosaur bones
Chemical – salt – Dead Sea
Layers!!!
Ripples in Stream bottoms!

15. Sedimentary rocks cover about three-quarters of the earth's surface
Clastic sedimentary rocks are made up of rock fragments, called sediments, that have been eroded from one place and moved to another by water, ice, wind, or gravity. In time, the sediments are buried, compacted and cemented together to form sedimentary rocks. Examples include conglomerate, sandstone, and shale.
Other sedimentary rocks are “chemical” or “organic”.
Chemical sedimentary rocks are formed by the precipitation or evaporation of minerals from solution in an ancient seawater. Examples include limestone, gypsum, and halite (rock salt).
Organic sedimentary rocks are formed by the accumulation of dead plant and animal matter which is then compacted together. Examples include peat, coal and oil

17. Strata
Layers!
Grand Canyon
Sedimentary & Metamorphic

19. Jurassic Marl
Lyme Regis, UK

20. Sedimentary cliff
Cardiff, Cymru

21. Ayers Rock / Uluru
Sedimentary rock from rivers - exposed due to erosion
Monolith!!!

23. Metamorphic Rocks Contact or Thermal Metamorphism and
Regional Metamorphism

24. Thermal metamorphic rocks / Contact metamorphic rocks.
This type is often associated with igneous rocks.
Because of the high heat, the “regular” rock (known as country rock), near the hot rock is often altered.
The pressure involved is usually negligible.
Alteration of the rock is generally localized (close to the hot rock) in what is known as a metamorphic aureole or halo.
x = Slight Metamorphism
X = Intense Metamorphism
^ = Igneous rock

25. Regional metamorphic rock is usually the result of extreme pressure
Regional metamorphic rock is usually the result of extreme pressure. These are commonly associated with mountain building events and are often associated with plate boundaries at continental margins.
Pressure squeezes the mineral grains of sedimentary rock together. This eliminates the pore spaces, and fluids.
With more pressure, the mineral grains will form a tightly interlocking mosaic.
With even more pressure, the crystals may reform into fewer but larger grains.
This process is known as recrystallization. The recrystallized mineral may remain the same as it was, or it may be a new, more dense mineral.

26. Classification of Metamorphic Rocks
Metamorphic rocks can be subdivided into foliated and nonfoliated types.
Foliated means there are mineral grains aligned parallel to each other. This results in a layered appearance.
A Nonfoliated metamorphic rock generally consists of equaldimensional grains. You can’t see layers
A rock can also be identified by its metamorphic grade. This is simply a description of the overall intensity of metamorphism the rock was subjected to. What this implies is that a low-grade metamorphic rock shows textural or mineralogic evidence of having been subjected to low pressures and/or temperatures.

27. Gneiss
Foliated or Nonfoliated??

28. Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic /\ Melting \/ Heat&Pressure
Melting /\ Erosion \/
Sedimentary
Metamorphic
<-Erosion Heat & Pressure ->

29. Word, Picture, Definition, Sentence
Mineral Silicate
Rock Luster
Crystal Streak
Gem Hardness
Ruby Moh’s Scale
Diamond Cleavage
Sapphire Fracture
Fossil Ore
Crystal System Texture
Specific Gravity Emerald

30. END

31. SEDIMENTARY TO METAMORPHIC
The following is a very general progression from sedimentary rock to metamorphic rock based primarily on pressure.
SURFACE MUD
5 km DEEP SHALE (sedimentary)
10 km DEEP SLATE (low grade metamorphic)
15 km DEEP SCHIST (Garnet appears)
20 km DEEP GNEISS (high grade metamorphic)
25 km DEEP HORNFELS (Cordierite appears)

34. Where is it all Found? Hawai’i is easy enough, it’s all Volcanic!
What about the rest of North America?

35. Shaded Relief

36. Sedimentary

37. Metamorphic

38. Volcanic

39. Plutonic

40. All

41. All
With some more detail