1. CLASS 32

2. HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY

3. Physical health influenced by psychological health IF SO: possible prevention rather than fixing the problem afterward THEMES

4. Physical health influenced by psychological health IF SO: suggests possible prevention rather than fixing the problem afterward STRATEGIES: Avoid causes or manage emotions THEMES

5. HISTORY Psycho-somatic effects Behavioral medicine Health Psychology Suggests a focus on prevention, rather than cure

6. STRESS - HEALTH CYCLE

7. Why do people get sick? BIOMEDICAL MODEL Exposure to pathogens Immune response either sufficient or insufficient

8. STRESS

9. Stress and health outcomes Acute stress Chronic stress Physical problems Psychological problems

10. Sequence leading to physical problems Stressful event Cognitive appraisal ( interpretation ) Physical activation (eg endocrine system) Health problems

11. Mechanism CARDIO-VASCULAR DISEASE

12. Sequence leading to psychological problems Stressful event Cognitive appraisal ( interpretation ) Adjustment disorder (mild) PTSD (serious)

13. Post-Traumatic Stress Syndrome PTSD PTSD

14. Coping can help examples REAPPRAISAL  Reframing of event to provide a more adaptive meaning STRESS REDUCTION  Relaxation  Social support

15. Research Methods

16. Problems  Ethics of experiments e.g., Social support studies  Design problem  Correlation vs. causation

17. New methods Cold studies  Induce a cold Examine effects of stress, social support, etc

18. “Hickie” studies  Induce a welt  Examine care giver stress

19. INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES

20. Type A personality Self-induced stress  Therefore, curable Work-a-holic, Impatient Actually two of the Big Five  (agreeableness; neuroticism)

21. Conscientiousness Health  Adds 7.5 years to lifespan Better self-care Better medical care

22. Neuroticism Intrinsic stress : biological vulnerability Situational : neurotics get themselves into trouble

23. Disagreeableness Grouchiness damages immune system Self-induced conflict: fights cause stress

24. PREVENTION Controllable factors: AVOIDANCE Positive health behaviors (sleep, nutrition, relaxation) MANAGEMENT Social relationships (support, conflict) Coping strategies: Stress/emotions TRADEOFF AWARENESS