2. New England and Mid-Atlantic Colonies

3. Competition in the Americas □England and France would both stake their claims in North America and create colonies. Situation would end the French-Indian War…

4. French Exploration □Giovanni de Verrazano □Italian who sailed for France □1523-24 searching for NW Passage □Explored coast of N. America from NC-New Foundland. □Entered New York Harbor.

5. French Exploration □Jacques Cartier □3 voyages to North America □1534, 1535, & 1541-42 □On the basis of his exploration France claimed a region called New France □New France included all of present-day Canada & parts of the northern US. □Did not establish a permanent colony

6. French Exploration □Samuel de Champlain □Founded the first permanent French colony in North America in 1608. □Quebec-on high ground above the St. Lawrence Rv.

7. French Exploration □Louis Joliet & Jacques Marquette □1673 traveled the Great Lakes to the Mississippi River. □In search of NW Passage. Learned from natives it did not exist. □

8. French Fur Trade in North America □French got rich off fur trade □Fur Trade dictated the direction of colonization. □Relationship with Iroquois trade furs □Warfare among Natives for French attention □New France colonization spread along St. Lawrence River…transportation rte.

9. English Colonization □While France and Spain were creating colonies in North America the English would settle in what is today New England. This region included Connecticut, Rhode Island, Massachusetts, Vermont, New Hampshire and Maine.

10. English Colonies

11. Why Leave England □1534 king Henry VII broke ties with Catholic Church and began Anglican Church. □For many Anglican Church still to similar to Catholicism. □Wanted a ‘purer’ church…Puritans □Some Puritans started separate shurches…seperatists.

12. Pilgrims Land at Plymouth □Some Puritans, called Separatists, broke away from the Anglican church to start their own congregations. The king viewed this act as a challenge to authority & imprisoned them. In 1608, one group of separatists, who became known as Pilgrims, fled to Holland. Unhappy there, they decided to immigrate to America

13. Pilgrims Land at Plymouth □Pilgrims set sail for America 1620 & settled in Plymouth, near Massachusetts Bay.

14. Mayflower Compact □Aboard the Mayflower were both Separatists & non- Separatists. □Non-sep. threatened to leave the group. All involved knew success depended on all involved working together. □Mayflower Compact…settlers agreed to obey all the laws. □Compact succeeded in keeping all the Pilgrims together

15. Mayflower Compact □The Mayflower Compact was a document signed by 41 male Pilgrims on November 21, 1620. By signing this document, the men agreed to form a temporary government and be bound by its laws. The compact became the basis of government in the Plymouth Colony and the foundation for the USA

16. Plymouth Colony □It was settled by separatists from the Church of England who wanted to belong to other churches.

17. Pilgrims Land at Plymouth □William Bradford leader of the Plymouth colony. □Colonist began constructing homes immediately □Plague swept through the colony, killing many. Times were very tough…how would they survive □Remaining settlers survived in large part to Squanto, who taught them to use the environment to meet their needs.

18. New England Colonies □Did you know? The pilgrims survived in large part because of the assistance of Squanto, a Pawtuxet. Squanto had earlier been captured by an English explorer and taken to Europe. As a result, he spoke English& was beneficial in helping the Pilgrims form an alliance with the local Wampanoag's.

19. New England Colonies

20. Massachusetts Bay Colony □This colony was settled by the Puritans because they wanted to worship as they pleased. □Location-few miles north of Plymouth Colony

21. Great Migration □Why leave England… □As conditions in England worsened, increasing numbers of people left England in what was later called Great Migration. By 1643 Massachusetts included apprx. 20,000 settlers.

22. Massachusetts Bay Colony □John Winthrop received a charter from King Charles to establish a colony in New England.

23. Massachusetts Bay Colony □These people came from England b/c they wanted to practice their religion. □They had no desire to live among others who held different beliefs from their own. □By law everyone in MBC had to attend Puritan church services and pay taxes to it.

24. Massachusetts Bay Colony Two reasons for Puritans to look for a new home. -depression in wool industry -religious persecution John Winthrop & other wealthy Puritans held stock in the Massachusetts Bay Colony Winthrop used the Charter to start a colony as a refuge for Puritans. 1630 several hundred Puritans set sail for America

25. City on a Hill □ For the Puritans, this was more than farming. They believed they were creating a new pure society to serve the will of God. As John Winthrop voiced in a sermon America would be an example to people throughout the world. “For we must consider that we shall be as a city on a hill. The eyes of all people are upon us.”

26. Massachusetts Bay Colony □What made it successful? □Shared goals… □‘common land’ to be farmed by all □Church, school, & meeting house □Land divided equally □Each family had strip of farmland □Result-children born into colony expected to live twice as long as parents!

27. General Court □In Massachusetts, a General Court made laws and elected the colony’s governor. The GC was made up of ‘freemen’-the people who owned stock in the MBC. Eventually the GC became a representative assembly

28. Heretics & Salem Witch Trials □The government of Massachusetts required all colonists to attend church. □The government was intolerant towards differences in religious beliefs. □Heretics, those whose religious beliefs differed from the majority were considered a threat to the community.

29. Salem Witch Trials □ Bridget Bishop "I am no witch. I am innocent. I know nothing of it."

30. Salem Witch Trials □To understand the events of the Salem witch trials, it is necessary to examine the times in which accusations of witchcraft occurred. □Strong belief in the devil □Recent small pox epidemic □Threat of attack by warring tribes

31. Salem Witch Trials □Soon prisons were filled with more than 150 men and women from towns surrounding Salem. Their names had been "cried out" by tormented young girls as the cause of their pain. All would await trial for a crime punishable by death in 17th- century New England, the practice of witchcraft. If it was the last moment I was to live, God knows I am innocent

32. Salem Witch Trials □The first to be tried was Bridget Bishop of Salem who was found guilty and was hanged on June 10. Thirteen women and five men from all stations of life followed her to the gallows on three successive hanging days before the court was disbanded by Governor William Phipps in October of that year. "Oh Lord, help me! It is false. I am clear. For my life now lies in your hands...."

33. Other Puritan Colonies □As population increased in NE, farmland became scarce. □Need to look for land outside of Massachusetts

34. Other Puritan Colonies □Connecticut □1636, the Reverend Thomas Hooker a Puritan minister, traveled from Massachusetts with a group of colonists. They founded the town of Hartford □1639 reps from Conn. Towns wrote a new plan for government in their colony…Fundamental Orders. □Many historians have said that this was the basis for the United States Constitution □Indian Trouble □By 1637, trouble began between the settlers and the Pequot Indians. The Indians wanted to take the lands that had been purchased from the Mohegans. In that year, Captain John Mason led the colonists to victory over the Pequots.

35. Other Puritan Colonies New Hampshire & Maine □Both colonies were populated by Puritans from England and MBS. □NH-1623 two groups of English settlers, sent by Captain John Mason, arrived in what is now called New Hampshire (after John Masons home County of Hampshire) □New Hampshire became a colony in 1680 □Maine-was part of Massachusetts until it became a separate state in 1820

36. Other Separatists Colonies-Rhode Island □Not all people leaving the MBC did so for farmland…many left b/c of religious conflicts. □In 1635 Roger Williams was driven from Salem, Massachusetts for espousing religious and political freedom. After spending the winter with the Indians he finally bought land from the Narragansett Indians and settled in what is now called Providence. The new colony became a haven for those seeking religious freedom. □The government there had no authority in religious matter, religious differences were tolerated.

37. Other Separatists Colonies-Rhode Island □Anne Hutchinson-was declared a heretic and banished from Massachusetts for her challenge of Puritan practices. She and her followers headed south and founded the town of Portsmouth. □Anne Hutchinson is a woman to be admired by any of us who believe in the rights of the individual to freedom of thought, freedom of speech, and freedom to worship.

38. War with the Indians □2 major Wars Pequot War & King Phillip’s War. Natives being pushed off their land by the settlers Pequot War -Where-Connecticut -When-1637 Why-MBC attacks Pequot tribe in response to Indian attacks on settlers. Result- 500 Pequots killed. Pequots almost wiped out King Phillip’s War America’s first Indian War Bloodiest -Where-New England -When-1675-78 -What Happened- Plymouth Colony tried & executed 3 Wampanoag for murder, this led to attacks by Natives against colonists. 3 year war. After the war very few Natives left in New England