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Zoe G. Davies Centre for Evidence-Based Conservation University of Birmingham, UK Systematic Review Methodology: a brief summary.

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Presentation on theme: "Zoe G. Davies Centre for Evidence-Based Conservation University of Birmingham, UK Systematic Review Methodology: a brief summary."— Presentation transcript:

1 Zoe G. Davies Centre for Evidence-Based Conservation University of Birmingham, UK Systematic Review Methodology: a brief summary

2 Overview Protocol development Literature searching Study selection Data extraction Data synthesis Reporting recommendations Role of the ecological community in the systematic review process

3 Protocol Development What is the question? Who are the interested stakeholders, end- users and subject experts? The protocol – explicitly state the methodology to be followed during the systematic review process

4 Literature Searching: search terms Key words: – Reflect the population, intervention and outcome – Consider synonyms and alternative spellings (e.g., colonise and colonize) – Foreign language translations

5 Literature Searching: search terms Combinations and permutations – Trade off between effort and return Scope searches Record the search strategy to be used in the protocol

6 Literature Searching: sources of information Online databases and libraries – Scientific literature databases (e.g., WOK and JSTOR) – Statutory and non-governmental organisation websites (e.g., Defra, EN and RSPB) – Internet search engines (e.g., Dogpile and Google Scholar) – Specialist information sources Specialists in the field Bibliographies Hand searching libraries and museums

7 Literature Searching: recording of information Organisation of searches: – Bibliographic software or databases – Summary statistics – Repeatability

8 Study Selection: assessment of quality Hierarchy of evidence – RCT’s – Control trials without randomisation – Site comparisons – Time series data Used to determine study quality thresholds for included studies

9 Data Extraction Use a standardised data extraction form for each individual study Contact authors or organisations for retrieval of missing data Database or spreadsheet of all information relevant to the review

10 Data Synthesis Summary statistics and tabulation Qualitative synthesis Meta-analytical synthesis Meta-regression

11 Reporting Recommendations Open to peer-review prior to wider dissemination Multiple reports for different end-user needs Open access website – www.cebc.bham.ac.uk Journal publication

12 Role of the Ecological Community Subject experts consulted: – To confirm that all relevant sources of information have been exploited during the search stage – To review the list of articles accepted at full text for inclusion into the systematic review – Peer review the final report Is it in your interest to help? – Highlight knowledge gaps where further primary research is required – Provides an evidence base to aid end-users in decision- making

13 Further Information Available from our website: – www.cebc.bham.ac.uk Medical systematic review centres: – The Cochrane Collaboration (www.cochrane-net.org) – NHS Centre for Reviews and Dissemination (www.york.ac.uk/inst/crd)


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