1. Organism Notes 2

2. Skeletal Mechanism Specialized Organs Muscular Mechanism Specialized organs Nervous System Mechanism Specialized Organs ProtistsNONO BacteriaNONO Plants Response to touch: Thigmotrop- ism Response to light: Photo- tropism Response to gravity: geo- tropism NO (pg. 639)

3. Skeletal, Muscular and Nervous Skeletal Mechanism Specialized Organs Muscular Mechanism Specialized Organs Nervous System Mechanism Specialized Organs Grasshoppers Earthworm Hydra (pg.671) detect stimuli like touch of a foreign object Nerve Net Nerve Cells FungiNONO

4. Skeletal Mechanism Specialized Organs Muscular Mechanism Specialized Organs Nervous System Mechanism Specialized Organs Grasshoppers Earthworm Have brains to thinkbasic functions. BrainGanglia (pg. 697) Lower Worms Uses ganglia to feel and writhe. Nerves are not complex enough to be called a brain. Ganglia (group of nerves) Eyespot (pg. 685) Hydra (pg.671) detect stimuli like touch of a foreign object Nerve Net Nerve Cells FungiNONO

5. Skeletal Mechanism Specialized Organs Muscular Mechanism Specialized Organs Nervous System Mechanism Specialized Organs Grasshoppers (pg. 717) Eyes can detect color and motion well. The ganglia is wrapped around the esophagus and helps to move wings and legs BrainGanglia Compound Eyes (2,000 separate lenses) Earthworm Have brains to thinkbasic functions. BrainGanglia (pg. 697) Lower Worms Uses ganglia to feel and writhe. Nerves are not complex enough to be called a brain. Ganglia (group of nerves) Eyespot (pg. 685) Hydra (pg.671) detect stimuli like touch of a foreign object Nerve Net Nerve Cells FungiNONO

6. SkeletalMechanism (pg. 971- 989 Specialized Organs Muscular Mechanism Specialized Organs Nervous System Mechanism Specialized Organs Humans 5 senses: sight, hearing, smell, taste and touch. Sensory and motor neurons. Brain spinal cord neurons that go to all organs back to spinal cord back to brain. Reflex arc when a reflex happens without going back to the brain. Brain Spinal cord Nerve Cells- Neurons

7. Skeletal Mechanism Specialized Organs Muscular Mechanism Specialized organs Nervous System Mechanism Specialized Organs ProtistsNONO BacteriaNONO Plants Some plants have woody stems for support. Cell walls have cellulose and lignen NONONO Response to touch: Thigmotrop- ism Response to light: Photo- tropism Response to gravity: geo- tropism NO

8. Skeletal Mechanism Specialized Organs Muscular Mechanism Specialized organs Nervous System Mechanism Specialized Organs ProtistsNONO Cytoplasmic streaming. Tiny hairs or one big whip- like hair. Ameoba- pseudopod (false foot) Pg. 500 Paramecium- cilia (pg. 501) Euglena- flagellum (pg. 507) NONO BacteriaNONONONONONO Plants Some plants have woody stems for support. Cell walls have cellulose and lignen) NONONO Response to touch: Thigmotrop-ism Response to light: Photo- tropism Response to gravity: geo- tropism NO

9. Skeletal Mechanism Specialized Organs Muscular Mechanism Specialized Organs Nervous System Mechanism Specialized Organs Grasshoppers (pg. 717) Eyes can detect color and motion well. The ganglia is wrapped around the esophagus and helps to move wings and legs BrainGanglia Compound Eyes (2,000 separate lenses) EarthwormNONO Have brains to thinkbasic functions. BrainGanglia (pg. 697) HydraNONO Layers of circular muscle and longitudinal muscle are around the cells in the GVC and help propel them. Hydrostatic skeleton (pg.671) detect stimuli like touch of a foreign object Nerve Net Nerve Cells FungiNONONONONONO

10. Skeletal Mechanism Specialized Organs Muscular Mechanism Specialized Organs Nervous System Mechanism Specialized Organs Grasshoppers (pg. 717) Eyes can detect color and motion well. The ganglia is wrapped around the esophagus and helps to move wings and legs BrainGanglia Compound Eyes (2,000 separate lenses) EarthwormNONO Each body segment (setae) has muscles around it. Alternately contract so the setae move. Longitudinal Muscle Circular Muscle (pg. 697) Have brains to thinkbasic functions. BrainGanglia (pg. 697) HydraNONO Layers of circular muscle and longitudinal muscle are around the cell sin the GVC and help propel them. Hydrostatic skeleton (pg.671) detect stimuli like touch of a foreign object Nerve Net Nerve Cells FungiNONONONONONO

11. Skeletal Mechanism Specialized Organs Muscular Mechanism Specialized Organs Nervous System Mechanism Specialized Organs Grasshoppers Outside if covered in hard covering called Chitin. Exoskeleton (pg. 717) Eyes can detect color and motion well. The ganglia is wrapped around the esophagus and helps to move wings and legs BrainGanglia Compound Eyes (2,000 separate lenses) EarthwormNONO Each body segment (setae) has muscles around it. Alternately contract so the setae move. Longitudinal Muscle Circular Muscle (pg. 697) Have brains to thinkbasic functions. BrainGanglia (pg. 697) HydraNONO Layers of circular muscle and longitudinal muscle are around the cell sin the GVC and help propel them. Hydrostatic skeleton (pg.671) detect stimuli like touch of a foreign object Nerve Net Nerve Cells FungiNONONONONONO

12. Skeletal Mechanism Specialized Organs Muscular Mechanism Specialized Organs Nervous System Mechanism Specialized Organs Grasshoppers Outside if covered in hard covering called Chitin. Exoskeleton Muscle cells contract to make legs and wings move. They are regulated by the ganglia. Muscle cells (pg. 717) Eyes can detect color and motion well. The ganglia is wrapped around the esophagus and helps to move wings and legs BrainGanglia Compound Eyes (2,000 separate lenses) EarthwormNONO Each body segment (setae) has muscles around it. Alternately contract so the setae move. Longitudinal Muscle Circular Muscle (pg. 697) Have brains to thinkbasic functions. BrainGanglia (pg. 697) HydraNONO Layers of circular muscle and longitudinal muscle are around the cell sin the GVC and help propel them. Hydrostatic skeleton (pg.671) detect stimuli like touch of a foreign object Nerve Net Nerve Cells FungiNONONONONONO

13. SkeletalMechanism (pg. 971- 989 Specialized Organs Muscular Mechanism Specialized Organs Nervous System Mechanism Specialized Organs Humans We have an endoskeleto n that protects us and helps in our locomotion Bone marrow produces red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBC) and platelets. BonesCartilage Osteocytes (bone cells) Bone marrow 5 sense: sight, hearing, smell, taste and touch. Sensory and motor neurons. Brain spinal cord neurons that go to all organs back to spinal cord back to brain. Reflex arc when a reflex happens without going back to the brain. Brain Spinal cord Nerve Cells- Neurons

14. SkeletalMechanism (pg. 971- 989 Specialized Organs Muscular Mechanism Specialized Organs Nervous System Mechanism Specialized Organs Humans We have an endoskeleto n that protects us and helps in our locomotion Bone marrow produces red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBC) and platelets. BonesCartilage Osteocytes (bone cells) Bone marrow Smooth muscles help control the involuntary muscle reactions found in our organs. Cardiac muscle is found in the heart and is also involuntary. Skeletal muscles are voluntary and found attached to the skeleton. Tendons connect muscle to bone. Ligaments connect bone to bone. Smooth Muscle Cardiac Muscle Skeletal/ Striated Muscle Tendons and Ligaments Periosteum- connective tissue around the bone. (blood vessels pass through the tissue to bring a supply of O 2 to bone tissue) 5 sense: sight, hearing, smell, taste and touch. Sensory and motor neurons. Brain spinal cord neurons that go to all organs back to spinal cord back to brain. Reflex arc when a reflex happens without going back to the brain. Brain Spinal cord Nerve Cells- Neurons

15. Diseases of the Skeletal, Muscular and Nervous System. MS (Multiple Sclerosis) Myelin sheaths slowly stripped away. Diagnosis from a spinal tap looking for myelin cells. CocaineLSD Cobra venom Release Dopamine from brain. Leaves the receptors open for a longer period of time. Neurotoxin-blocks the receptors so that you cant send responses. Same thing happens with Nerve Gas. Leprosy Muscular Dystrophy Have motor skills but no pain receptors. Have pain receptors but no motor functions. Meningitis Inflammation of the connective tissue in the brain. Bursitis Fluid around your joints (bursa) becomes inflamed. Mastinius Gravis Myelin sheaths are slowly stripped away. Usually they will remove your thymus gland. Osteoporosis Weakening of the bones that can cause tiny fractures Weakening of the bones that can cause tiny fractures