1. Chapter 13 Notes: “The Presidency”

2. Part A: Section 13.1: The President’s Roles
Write the underlined words on the extra spaces in your packet.

3. 1. Chief of State: The President reigns and rules
The President’s Roles
1. Chief of State: The President reigns and rules

4. The President’s Roles
2. Chief Executive: executive orders and presidential appointments

5. The President’s Roles
3. Chief Administrator: directs the FBI and CIA.

6. The President’s Roles
4.The Chief Diplomat: the power to recognize a country’s existence.

7. Problems President Obama has as “Chief Diplomat”

8. The President’s Roles
5. Commander in Chief: Directs military action

9. The President’s Roles
6. Chief Legislator: The State of the Union Address.

10. The President’s Roles
7. Chief of Party: The President is head of his party

11. The President’s Roles
8. Chief Citizen: The President represents his constituents over special interests

12. Issues when the President attempts to act as “Chief Citizen”

13. Problems with the 22nd Amendment and “The Lame Duck Period”

14. Part B: Nominating and Electing the President

15. Do you know what this is?
A Hillbilly!!!

16. -- Electorate vs. Constituents
Electorate: all of the persons entitled to
vote
Constituents: all persons represented
by a legislator or other elected office
holder.

17. I. Nominating The President

18. Nominating Presidential Candidates
A. Presidential Primaries: Contest where a party’s voters express a preference among various contenders for the party’s presidential nomination.
1. Primary season: Lasts from January to June
2. Used by three-fourths of the states -- usually it is a open primary
3. The First Presidential Primary: The New Hampshire Primary – January 2012

19. 4. “Proportional Representation Rule:” Primary delegates’ votes in the National Convention correspond with the popular vote in each state’s primary

20. Candidate  
Votes  
 %  
Delegates  
John McCain
88,466
37.09% 7
Mitt Romney
75,343
31.58% 4
Mike Huckabee
26,768
11.22% 1
Rudy Giuliani
20,395
8.55%
Ron Paul
18,303
7.67%
Fred Thompson
2,886
1.21%
Duncan Hunter
1,220
0.51%
Tom Tancredo* 68
0.03%
Others
5,099
2.14%
Total
238,548
100% 12
The New Hampshire Primary and the Proportional Representation Rule: The Republican Primary (2008)

21. Candidate  
Votes  
 %  
Delegates  
Hillary Clinton
112,251
39.07% 9
Barack Obama
104,772
36.47%
John Edwards
48,681
16.94% 4
Bill Richardson
13,249
4.61%
Dennis Kucinich
3,919
1.36%
Joe Biden*
628
0.22%
Mike Gravel
402
0.14%
Chris Dodd*
202
0.07%
Others
3,218
1.12%
Total
287,322
100% 22
The New Hampshire Primary and the Proportional Representation Rule: The Democratic Primary (2008)

22. 5. Recent Trend: The primary schedule has been “front loaded” – states have moved their primaries closer to January.

23. Front Loading and the Primary Season (2012 Primaries)

24. Democratic Nomination Magic Number (Delegates needed): 2,025
FYI
Democratic Nomination Magic Number (Delegates needed): 2,025
Republican Nomination Magic Number (Delegates needed): 1,191

25. B. Front loading has been an advantage to the challenging party because it has lengthened the general election campaigns
1. Super Tuesday: First Tuesday in February or March when approximately 24 states hold primaries and caucuses to determine who their nominee is: The Next Super Tuesday is March 2012

26. Super Tuesday States during the 2012 Primary

27. C. After Super Tuesday, the remaining states’ primaries are usually of little importance
1. Primary campaigns are usually not evident in the party in power (i.e. Obama is unopposed during the 2012 Primary Season)

28. What states primaries were not as meaningful because they fall later in the 2012 primary season?

29. First Presidential Caucus: Iowa Caucus:
D. Presidential Caucus: Held when local party officials or delegates gather to vote on behalf of all the registered voters in that state to select a winner.
First Presidential Caucus: Iowa Caucus:
****** Disadvantage of the importance of
Iowa and New Hampshire: Iowa is 94%
white and New Hampshire is 96% white
– minorities are not represented
adequately

30. E. The National Convention: Held every four years – three purposes
1. adopt the party’s platform
2. formally nominate a party’s Presidential candidate
3. Unify the party behind those candidates for the upcoming election.

31. F. What type of people are nominated for president?
Usually held previous or current positions as Governor or Senator
Usually a white, Protestant male who is married
Usually is able to achieve favorable media coverage
a. Recent Trend: Presidential conventions are usually held in swing states instead of safe states.

32. 4. Swing states: voters can go one way or another when choosing a President
Presidential campaigns often concentrate their efforts in swing states

33. 5. Safe States: a more accurate prediction of how voters will choose the president is evident:
a. red state: safe Republican
b. blue state: safe Democrat

34. 2012 Presidential Election: Looking at the map below, which states are swing states and which states are safe states?

35. Super Tuesday: February 5                  
2004 Election: The imporortance of Swing States as “battleground states”
At left: each waiving hand represents the amount of visits each Presidential candidate made in the 2004 Election
At right: each $ represents the amount of money the candidates spent in Election 2004 (each dollar sign represents one million dollars)

36. II. Electing the President
A. The Electoral College: Group of persons (presidential electors) chosen in each state and the District of Columbia every four years who make a formal selection of the President and Vice President

37. Presidential electors: person elected by the voters to represent them in making a formal selection of the President and Vice President
a. often referred to as rubber-stamps

38. 2. Each state’s presidential electors is equal to the number of people who represent each state in Congress
538 Total Electors: 435 Representatives, 100 Senators, and 3 Electors for the District of Columbia
Pennsylvania: 20 Electors
Winner-take all approach: Forty-eight states combine the popular vote to total and award the winner all of the electoral votes
Electoral Votes are needed to win!

39. 2012 Presidential Election: The Electoral Votes for each state

40. (d) Election 2000: President Bush received 271 electoral votes and Al Gore received 266 Electoral Votes
(1) Gore won the popular vote by over 500,000 votes but Bush won the election by 437 votes

41. Election 2000: Bush defeats Gore

42. (e) If neither candidate wins the 270 electoral votes, the House of Representatives then choose who is President
(1) Representatives within a state count as one vote, and 26 votes are needed for an individual to become President

43. FYI: Examples where the House has decided an election
Election 1800: Jefferson defeated Burr
Election 1824: John Quincy Adams defeated Andrew Jackson

44. 3. Flaws of the Electoral College
The winner of the popular vote may not win the Presidency
(1) winner-takes-all approach can cause this to occur
(2) Disproportionate distribution of electors can cause this to occur i.e. North Dakota and New York

45. Super Tuesday: February 5                  
The Electoral College: Winning the popular vote, but losing the electoral vote

46. FYI: Elections where the winner of the popular vote lost the election
Election 1876: Rutherford B. Hayes defeated Samuel Tilden
Election 1888: Benjamin Harrison defeated Grover Cleveland
Election 2000: George W. Bush defeated Al Gore

47. Disproportionate representation in the Electoral College
Wyoming: 1 elector for every 165,000 (3 total electors)
California: 1 elector for every 616,000 (55 total electors)

48. (b) Electors can, if they wish, vote against the candidate who wins their state
(1) this rarely occurs, and has not impacted the outcome of an election

49. 4. Advantages of the Electoral College
Gives smaller states a larger voice
Gives populated regions in populated states more of a voice because of the winner-takes all feature

50. Since Pennsylvania is a swing state, what populated counties are especially important for a Presidential candidate?

51. What is the following cartoon stating about the nomination process?