1. Overview of Transportation Safety & Security Area of Excellence at GW and Center for Intelligent Systems Research www.cisr.gwu.edu The George Washington University Virginia Campus 20101 Academic Way, Ashburn, VA 20147 Prof. Azim Eskandarian, Director Email: eska@gwu.edueska@gwu.edu PH: (703) 726-8362 FAX: (703) 726-8505

2. GW-SEAS Transportation Safety & Security Program A Selected Area of Excellence- Research Themes GW-SEAS: T S&S NCAC Aviation Institute CISR Intelligent Systems & Transportation Research Automotive & Highway Crashworthiness Research Aviation Safety & Security Research Car Driving Simulator Laboratory Truck Driving Simulator Laboratory Virtual Reality Laboratory Traffic & Networks Laboratory Vehicle Modeling Laboratory Federal Outdoor Impact Laboratory National Crash Analysis Center Library Hyundai-Kia Automotive Safety Research Laboratory High Performance Computing Laboratory ICDRM Risk Management Marine Transport

3. A comprehensive and interdisciplinary research and analysis of automotive safety and related medical issues Research considers the Pre- Crash, Crash, and Post-crash Events as affected by People, Vehicle, and the Environment Solution Approach Dr. William Haddon (first NHTSA Administrator and a pioneer in Automotive Safety) Matrix

4. CISR’s Research Mission, Areas & Accomplishments: Driver Assistance Systems –Drowsy/fatigue driver Detection and warning system –Passenger car and truck simulator labs experimentations –Advanced Vehicle speed Adaptation System (AVSAS) Active Vehicle Control Systems –Brake Model –Steering Model and control strategies –Active suspension control w/ time delay –Active-optimal control for rollover countermeasure Collision Avoidance Algorithms –Car following models-Intelligent Vehicles –Learning/reactive collision avoidance techniques Inter vehicular Networks Security Research Virtual Reality Lab and Research Apply Intelligent Systems and other Information Processing methods to solve transportation problems

5. Vehicle Simulator Laboratory Evaluate and Model Driver’s Performance Full Vehicle Dynamics Complete Data Acquisition Eye Monitoring Capability at 60Hz Scenario Definition Full Size Vehicle 135 Deg+ View

6. Truck Driving Simulator  A wide field-of-view with a perceived front projection angle of 135  for better driving immersion.  Rear view projection system that allows drivers to manage the behavior of the trailer.  A multi-channel sound system for spatialized traffic and engine sound rendering.  A ten-speed electronic gear box that simulate gear shifting of commercial vehicles.  Automatic transmission simulation is also possible.  Steering torque feedback using a high-current DC motor for the generation of realistic road grip feeling in the steering wheel.  Passive force feedback systems to reproduce the feel of the throttle, brake, and clutch pedals.  Integrated truck cabin, in which the original controls and instrumentation are fully functional.  Full Data acquisition  Multiple cameras for cabin monitoring  Driver eye monitoring System

7. Drowsy Driver /Detection Using Artificial Neural Networks Driver Assistance: Human (Driver) Performance Research Using Simulators Head-Up Displays Driver Assistance/ Warning Systems  100,000 police-reported crashes,  1,550 deaths,  71,000 injuries, and  $12.5 billion in monetary losses

8. Human (Driver) Performance Research Using Simulators Drowsy Driver /Detection Using Artificial Neural Networks Method uses a special input digitization of steering signal ANN is trained to learn the characteristics of drowsy Vs. non-drowsy driver steering FHWA (4- DAYS) CAR CISR 1-DAY (CAR) CISR/ FMCSA (TRUCK) WAKE Total 84193325 Identified 74179288 % Accuracy 88 %92 %89 % DROWSY Total 106207275 Identified 95191235 % Accuracy 89 %92 %85 % FALSE ALARMS 10 (12%)14(8%)40(11%) MISCLASSIFIED 11(11%)18(8%)37(15%)

9. Advanced Vehicle Speed Adaptation System Speed remains as one of major causes of crashes Intelligent Speed Adaptation systems have been proposed and tested for warning and assisting drivers to mitigate dangerous situations Previous ISA’s proved various shortcomings Project Goal: To create an adaptive vehicular speed adaptation system that improves upon the performance of existing ISA systems in terms of system effectiveness and consumer acceptance.  AVSAS will address both driver acceptance and ISA effectiveness through three novel mechanisms: Adaptability to individual driver’s performance and preferences Expansion of the scope of existing ISA’s Extended safety benefits Utility for driver beyond enforcement of speed limits Application of human factors research to warning timing and modality

10. Networks: Security Inter-vehicle Adhoc Networks will support Coordinated Collision Avoidance and Cooperative Driving Systems Adhoc networks have scalability and security challenges: –Reliance on potentially untrustworthy nodes for network management functions –Susceptibility to jamming attacks –Flat network structure and nodal mobility severely affect efficiency as network size increases CISR has developed a robust and scalable protocols for inter-vehicle communication. The effectiveness of these protocols is being demonstrated through simulation and visualization of the network.

11. Vehicle Rollover Mitigation Motivation: In 2000, rollover crashes caused 9,873 deaths among passenger car and light truck occupants. Validated HVE program for rollover reconstruction cases. Rollover simulations (pre-roll phase) could be studied and specific vehicle and road issues could be investigated. Developing Active Suspension for rollover countermeasure