1. Child Development Physical, Intellectual, Emotional, and Social Changes from Conception to Age 3

2. Prenatal Health A mother’s lifestyle choices during pregnancy affect her child’s health and abilities for life. Healthful practices during pregnancy lead to healthy babies and healthy adults: exercise, regular sleep, doctor check-ups, good diet. No alcohol, drugs or tobacco which can lead to various developmental disorders.

3. Newborn – Birth to 2 Weeks Completely dependent on others for meeting its needs.

4. Newborn Needs Sleep 16-20 hours, varying degree of heaviness Awake and alert 4-6 hours, interacts with family http://vimeo.com/4383304 awakehttp://vimeo.com/670005 Stretch http://vimeo.com/4383304http://vimeo.com/670005 Cry 1-2 hours throughout day, Why? http://vimeo.com/3321770 crying http://vimeo.com/3321770

5. Newborn Needs Continued Feed 4-6 oz. breast milk or formula every 2-4 hours Change diapers every 2-4 hours Bath every few days http://vimeo.com/4386973 https://vimeo.com/83432277 happy bath http://vimeo.com/4386973 https://vimeo.com/83432277

6. Infants 2 Weeks to 1 Year Most rapid period of growth during life. Care during first year can affect life long health. One Month Six Months 12 Months

7. Infant Needs Sleep 10-12 hours and 1or 2 naps. Only breast milk or formula first 4 months. Food in small portions, soft mushy texture. http://vimeo.com/5159583 spoon feeding http://vimeo.com/5159583 People to “talk” to and play with. Play – soft safe toys. Enjoy noises, textures, colors and patterns. “Child Proof” home.

8. Physical Development Triple birth weight by first birthday. Ability to control body develops from torso to limbs and from head to feet. Body proportion different from others: high body fat %, large head & torso, small limbs

9. Motor Development Milestones 2 months – lifts head with arms http://vimeo.com/34242099 lifts head http://vimeo.com/34242099 4 m. – roll from back to side http://vimeo.com/17778430 http://vimeo.com/17778430 6 m. – sit without support http://vimeo.com/9971273 http://vimeo.com/9971273 7 m. – crawl http://vimeo.com/20205846 first crawl http://vimeo.com/2336069 fast crawl http://vimeo.com/20205846 http://vimeo.com/2336069 11 m. – walk http://vimeo.com/4085671 first walking http://vimeo.com/4085671

10. Infant Senses In Piaget’s sensorimotor stage children learn by exploring the world through their senses. Have fuzzy vision at birth. Smell, touch, hearing, and taste stronger senses. Baby exploring wax paper through senses: http://vimeo.com/9131327 http://vimeo.com/9131327

11. Intellectual Changes At birth recognize mother’s voice and scent By 4 m. understand object permanence Piaget – objects do not disappear when out of sight By 5 m. imitate adult facial expressions By 8 m. improved understanding of gravity http://vimeo.com/1670314 too many toys http://vimeo.com/1670314 By 8 m. imitate adult actions on objects http://vimeo.com/932719 bead track http://vimeo.com/932719

12. Intellectual Changes By 9 m. grasp and manipulate objects in novel ways. By 10 m. recognize and imitate sounds of own language http://vimeo.com/25369416 early sounds http://vimeo.com/25369416 By 12 m. engage in intentional behaviors, begin categorizing objects. http://vimeo.com/19587555 wipes 1/2 http://vimeo.com/19587555

13. Attachment - Bonding Erikson’s basic trust vs. mistrust Critical for infant to bond with and form a strong attachment to at least one adult in the first two months of life. By 6 months infants have a strong preference for mom. By 8 months begin to fear strangers.

14. Toddlers from 1 to 3 Children from their first to their third birthday are called toddlers. Kathleen and Calvin at 20 months.

15. Cognitive Changes from 1 to 2 18 m. use objects in novel ways, group objects, repeat behavior in different environments, more experimental play. http://vimeo.com/96471 (plays with dog) - http://vimeo.com/9764762 (toddlers play in tunnel), http://vimeo.com/9685720 cat http://vimeo.com/96471http://vimeo.com/9764762 http://vimeo.com/9685720 24 m. able to find lost object, puts objects into two groups, begin make believe play.

16. Beginning Language 1 to 2 15 m. begin making simple sounds in own language – mama, dada, ball, milk etc. http://vimeo.com/4139473 first words 1/2 http://vimeo.com/4139473 Enjoy songs and begin to imitate words. Twinkle twinkle little star http://vimeo.com/46198017http://vimeo.com/46198017 By 24 m. can say between 60 – 400 words. By 24 m. may say 2 word phrases http://vimeo.com/9685428 Shovel http://vimeo.com/9685428

17. Physical Growth 1 to 2 By 14 m. can run and walk well. Can walk up stairs with help. Scribbles. https://vimeo.com/110383760 scribbling http://vimeo.com/9945548 steps https://vimeo.com/110383760 http://vimeo.com/9945548 Can build tower with cubes. Begin to feed self. http://vimeo.com/7156002 yogurt http://vimeo.com/7156002 By 2 years can jump and climb well. http://vimeo.com/842646 jumping http://vimeo.com/842646

18. Emotional Development 1 to 2 Self awareness and self recognition: 18 m. recognizes self in picture or mirror, 24 m. can describe self as “little”, “boy”, “brown hair.” Desire for autonomy: want to complete tasks on own, stubborn, may have tantrums. http://vimeo.com/38038356 frustrated, http://vimeo.com/46678926 want s cookie, http://vimeo.com/38038356http://vimeo.com/46678926

19. Socialization from 1 to 2 Socialization is the process by which children learn to interact with people in their culture. Family most important social group. http://vimeo.com/21425 love you siblings http://vimeo.com/21425 Piaget’s egocentric view on life (self-centered). Enjoy repetition of behavior, copying others. http://vimeo.com/911723 piano, http://vimeo.com/8636686 exercising http://vimeo.com/911723http://vimeo.com/8636686 Begin to imitate social behaviors of others. Begin to play alongside and with other children. http://vimeo.com/26141902 screaming http://vimeo.com/27990569 holding hands http://vimeo.com/26141902http://vimeo.com/27990569

20. Toddlers from 2 to 3 Language and physical advancements make 2 year olds less like babies and more like children. Daniel at Halloween 2010 2.1 years old

21. Physical Growth 2 to 3 Overall growth rate slows down. Less body fat. Can run, kick, jump, and climb well. http://vimeo.com/818366 kicking ball http://vimeo.com/818366 Throws ball with poor accuracy. Usually cannot catch ball. Can feed self with minimal mess. Needs help to get dressed. May be toilet trained. http://vimeo.com/32427770 potty incentive http://vimeo.com/32427770

22. Intellectual Development 2 to 3 Imitate behaviors of older children ( Vygotsky, More Knowledgeable Other MKO). Can build puzzle of about 16 pieces. Recognize and names colors, shapes. Knows some numbers and letters. Make believe play becomes more important. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QH2Uu_eqHtU Elmo Doctor https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QH2Uu_eqHtU Curious and interested in experimenting with objects. http://vimeo.com/165691 Stick http://vimeo.com/165691

23. Language Development 2 to 3 By 30 m. saying new words daily, understands words of other’s very well, may make frequent grammatical errors. http://vimeo.com/5135962 PB&J http://vimeo.com/5135962 By 3 years, says up to 1000 words, 80% intelligible. http://vimeo.com/6216524 talking https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qMxCemQVgSU mangos http://vimeo.com/6216524https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qMxCemQVgSU Enjoy listening to stories with simple language, bright colors and pictures. Helps prepare children for learning to read. Enjoy songs

24. Emotional Development 2 to 3 Need to be independent grows and may lead to frustration when not successful. Self regulation improves – ability to know what is right and wrong behavior and choose the right behavior. https://vimeo.com/810433 ask nicely https://vimeo.com/810433 Curiosity may be stronger than self regulation.

25. Socialization 2 to 3 Play may be rough. May still push and take toys away from others. https://vimeo.com/1434042 robot https://vimeo.com/1434042 Begin to understand social rules and roles. Some desire to please adults. http://vimeo.com/348275 cinnamon http://vimeo.com/348275 Enjoys playing with other children and older siblings. https://vimeo.com/5078860 trucks http://vimeo.com/17461196 dinner https://vimeo.com/5078860http://vimeo.com/17461196

26. Review Any empty lines on handout? More questions about newborns, infants or toddlers? First quiz will cover this information and Theories of Development PowerPoint. Notes will be checked and graded.