2. United Kingdom uses British East India Company to control India's government & military UK -Attitude superiority

3. British East India Company Agents

4. Sepoys, 1850s Hired Indian soldiers Rebel against UK: B/c rumor bullets are greased with cow & pig fat (Cows- sacred to Hindis/Pigs- taboo for Muslims) Those who refuse to load rifles- arrested Sepoys rebel killing 50 European men women and children

5. The Sepoy Mutiny: 1857 First War for Independence

6. Areas of the Sepoy Mutiny, 1857

7. Execution of Sepoys: “The Devil’s Wind”

8. Result: of Sepoy Rebellion UK parliament transfer power of the British East India Co. – to English government

9. 1877: Queen Victoria Becomes “Empress of India” India becomes formal UK colony Largest colony 300 mil. people Largest colony 300 mil. people “jewel in the crown”

10. Queen Victoria in India

12. Benefits Stable efficient government New school system (only serves upper-class) 99% pop. Are peasants Railroads, telegraph, postal service

13. Theosophical Library – Madras, 1913

14. Darjeeling Railroad, 1880s

15. Costs Local economies destroyed by British Manufacturing British Textiles put 1,000’s out of work (mostly women) Tax collectors abuse peasants Indians forced to grow cotton-not food led to FAMINE British Rule is degrading – take best jobs & houses Arrogant racist attitudes lead to nationalist movement

16. A Life of Leisure

17. Living Like a Maharajah

18. Simla: Little England in the mountains of India

20. the Indian National Congress  1885  formed in response to British domination  swaraj  “independence.” * the goal of the movement.  Made up of English- educated upper class  Mostly Hindu

21. the Muslim League 1906 Formed due to rivalries between Hindus & Muslims.

22. Mohandas K. Gandhi,1876 English educated lawyer emerges as leader Sees racial exploitation while working in South Africa Promotes nonviolent resistance against unjust laws

23. Gandhi as a Young Barrister in Natal

24. Gandhi as a Lawyer in Johannesburg, So. Africa

25. Mohandas Gandhi

26. Independence Movement Goal: force British to improve the lot of the poor & grant independence Called “Mahatma” (great soul) resisting unjust laws was moral path (peaceful protests & marches) Movement leads to an Indian cultural revival in literature, poetry, social reform & spirituality

27. Salt March, 1930 Making Salt

28. Hunger Strike

29. Salt March, 1930 Making Salt

31. Pre-Partition

32. Partition