1. MIDDLE-EAST Haiman, Oman (20°N) http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/cgi-bin/data/composites/printpage.pl Figure 5.14 and 7.6

3. MADAGASCAR Toamasina (18°S)

4. MADAGASCAR Toliara (23°S)

5. MARITIME CONTINENT-MALAYSIA Kuala Lumpur (3°N) RH for other months?

6. MIDLATITUDE CLIMATES 1.Dry subtropicalDry subtropical 2.Moist subtropicalMoist subtropical 3.MediterraneanMediterranean 4.Marine west-coastMarine west-coast 5.Dry midlatitudeDry midlatitude 6.Moist continentalMoist continental DRY SUBTROPICAL Low precipitation, great annual temperature range In: North and South Africa, Patagonia (South America), Southern Australia, North America (NW Mexico, SW US)In: North and South Africa, Patagonia (South America), Southern Australia, North America (NW Mexico, SW US) Factor: subtropical highs Patagonia, Argentina

7. MOIST SUBTROPICAL Abundant rainfall in summer and winter on eastern side of continents (more in summer)Abundant rainfall in summer and winter on eastern side of continents (more in summer) In: South America (limit Argentina, Uruguay and brazil), Southern China, Australia, SE of USIn: South America (limit Argentina, Uruguay and brazil), Southern China, Australia, SE of US Factors: In summer: flow of warm and moist air onto eastern side of continents (mT air mass).In summer: flow of warm and moist air onto eastern side of continents (mT air mass). In winter: wave cyclones Montevideo, Uruguay

8. MEDITERRANEAN Wet winter and very dry summer (different from other climate types) Wet winter and very dry summer (different from other climate types) Factors: pole-ward movement of high pressure cells (Fig 5.14)during summer. Dry cT air mass dominatesFactors: pole-ward movement of high pressure cells (Fig 5.14)during summer. Dry cT air mass dominates Athens, Greece

9. MARINE WEST-COAST Precipitation all months with maximum in winter Small annual temperature range Westerlies from ocean, mP air masses. When coast is mountainous: orographic effect Westerlies from ocean, mP air masses. When coast is mountainous: orographic effect Summer: subtropical high pressure poleward less rainfall Bordeaux, France

10. DRY MIDLATITUDE Very low precipitation In: interior regions of North America and Eurasia Factors: rain shadow of mountains, mP air mass is blocked cP dominates Summer: convection rainfall MOIST CONTINENTAL Precipitation all year, increases in summer. Strong annual cycle of temperature. In: North America and Eurasia Factors: Polar front zone (mT,cP, mP air masses interaction) Summer: invade of mT Winter: cP and cA air masses Krakow, Poland Gobi Desert

11. HIGH LATITUDE CLIMATES 1.Boreal ForestBoreal Forest 2.TundraTundra 3.Ice SheetIce Sheet BOREAL FOREST Long winters and short summers. Greatest annual range of temperature. Precipitation increases in summer but is generally lowLong winters and short summers. Greatest annual range of temperature. Precipitation increases in summer but is generally low Regions with cP air mass and invasion of cA air mass Summer: traveling wave cyclones

12. TUNDRA Long and severe winters. Short mild season cP, mP and cA air masses. Influence of ocean moderates cold temperatures in coast regionscP, mP and cA air masses. Influence of ocean moderates cold temperatures in coast regions ICE SHEET Lowest temperatures, no above 0°C Greenland, Antartica, polar sea ice of Arctic Ocean cA and cAA air masses Vostok (78°S): Russian base in Antartica. One of if not the coldest place on Earth. Mean Temp: -67.0 F or –55.0°C