1. Copyright 2006 EUROCONTROL1 PBN Performance Based Navigation - Implementation Challenges - Presented by: Lex Hendriks, EUROCONTROL ICAO Performance Symposium March 2007 Federal Aviation Administration

2. Federal Aviation Administration ICAO PERFORMANCE SYMPOSIUM Montréal, March 2007 2 Overview Safety Case QWhy needed QApplication to PBN Data integrity QWhy needed QWGS 84 QSurveying QMaintaining data quality Safety Case QWhy needed QApplication to PBN Data integrity QWhy needed QWGS 84 QSurveying QMaintaining data quality

3. Federal Aviation Administration ICAO PERFORMANCE SYMPOSIUM Montréal, March 2007 3 Safety Cases - When and Why When a significant change is going to be made to and operation, service and/or system To confirm that the resulting system: QIs safe QCan Remain safe and QCan be implemented safely When a significant change is going to be made to and operation, service and/or system To confirm that the resulting system: QIs safe QCan Remain safe and QCan be implemented safely

4. Federal Aviation Administration ICAO PERFORMANCE SYMPOSIUM Montréal, March 2007 4 Safety Assessment Considerations (1) Aircraft Performance QNormal performance: Lateral accuracy - navigation specifications QNon-Normal Performance: RNAV system failures, RNAV system failures, blunder errors e.g. wrong route selection blunder errors e.g. wrong route selection QAre single systems allowed – what happens if it fails QIs RNP required – if not how to detect position errors? QIdentify mitigations e.g. Crew procedure and training, Crew procedure and training, Surveillance or additional separation. Surveillance or additional separation. Aircraft Performance QNormal performance: Lateral accuracy - navigation specifications QNon-Normal Performance: RNAV system failures, RNAV system failures, blunder errors e.g. wrong route selection blunder errors e.g. wrong route selection QAre single systems allowed – what happens if it fails QIs RNP required – if not how to detect position errors? QIdentify mitigations e.g. Crew procedure and training, Crew procedure and training, Surveillance or additional separation. Surveillance or additional separation.

5. Federal Aviation Administration ICAO PERFORMANCE SYMPOSIUM Montréal, March 2007 5 Safety Assessment Considerations (2) Infrastructure Navigation aids Qimpact of failure Single Navaid – eg DME Single Navaid – eg DME Loss of GNSS over large area (eg Jamming) Loss of GNSS over large area (eg Jamming) QMitigations Radar Radar Increased separation Increased separation Requirement for carriage of backup Requirement for carriage of backup Infrastructure Navigation aids Qimpact of failure Single Navaid – eg DME Single Navaid – eg DME Loss of GNSS over large area (eg Jamming) Loss of GNSS over large area (eg Jamming) QMitigations Radar Radar Increased separation Increased separation Requirement for carriage of backup Requirement for carriage of backup

6. Federal Aviation Administration ICAO PERFORMANCE SYMPOSIUM Montréal, March 2007 6 Safety Assessment Considerations (3) Infrastructure – Comms, Surveillance. QImportant factor determining route spacing QConsider Coverage Coverage Redundancy Redundancy QEffectivity ATC Workload ATC Workload Nature of comms Nature of comms Infrastructure – Comms, Surveillance. QImportant factor determining route spacing QConsider Coverage Coverage Redundancy Redundancy QEffectivity ATC Workload ATC Workload Nature of comms Nature of comms

7. Federal Aviation Administration ICAO PERFORMANCE SYMPOSIUM Montréal, March 2007 7 Overview Safety Case QWhy needed QApplication to PBN Data integrity QWhy needed QWGS 84 QSurveying QMaintaining data quality Safety Case QWhy needed QApplication to PBN Data integrity QWhy needed QWGS 84 QSurveying QMaintaining data quality

8. Federal Aviation Administration ICAO PERFORMANCE SYMPOSIUM Montréal, March 2007 8 The Problem Identified ANSP (AIS) DB Providers Aircraft Operators If unclear or ambiguous procedure description Aircraft fly different tracks AIP ADB/DB Lack of Integrity

9. Federal Aviation Administration ICAO PERFORMANCE SYMPOSIUM Montréal, March 2007 9 Example of Data Coding NAV32516.3617

10. Federal Aviation Administration ICAO PERFORMANCE SYMPOSIUM Montréal, March 2007 10 Example of Data Coding NAV32516.3618

11. Federal Aviation Administration ICAO PERFORMANCE SYMPOSIUM Montréal, March 2007 11 An Example of a Chart Error ? ? 50º 31.0.1.2.3.4.5.0.1.2.3.4.5

12. Federal Aviation Administration ICAO PERFORMANCE SYMPOSIUM Montréal, March 2007 12 Other Government Sources RNVREQ_1097 Communications Service Provider Aerodrome Air Traffic Service Provider Procedure & Airspace Designer Aeronautical Information Service End Users NOTAM AIP FMS Data Applications Provider Flight Planning Data Applications Provider End Users Simulator Data Applications Provider Navigation Data Tailoring Requirements Navigation Data Processor Who is Involved?

13. Federal Aviation Administration ICAO PERFORMANCE SYMPOSIUM Montréal, March 2007 13 Basic Data Sources Collect Process Publish Distribute Users Every player must establish a Navigation Data Process in order to ensure the quality of data delivered to the users RNVREQ_1101 Navigation Data Process

14. Federal Aviation Administration ICAO PERFORMANCE SYMPOSIUM Montréal, March 2007 14 Data Chain Processes and Standards Origination Derive and Publish eg States AIPs Application Integration Link to target equipment in required format End Use Load and Maintain current cycle Preparation by Data Service Provider Receive Assemble Translate Select Format Distribute DO-201A/ED-77 DO-200A/ED-76 DO-178B/ED-12B DO-200A/ED-76 States Responsibility JARs

15. Federal Aviation Administration ICAO PERFORMANCE SYMPOSIUM Montréal, March 2007 15 Data Exchange after Publication in AIC CMC Canada RockwellGarmin SmithsHoneywell Data Packers FMS Packed Data Compiled Data Jeppesen - DE EAG - UK Jeppesen - US Data Houses Lufthansa Systems - CH

16. Federal Aviation Administration ICAO PERFORMANCE SYMPOSIUM Montréal, March 2007 16 RNVREQ_1100 What is Data Quality? QQuality is ability to meet requirements QCharacterised by: Accuracy Accuracy Resolution Resolution Assurance Level Assurance Level Traceability Traceability Timeliness Timeliness Completeness Completeness Format Format QQuality is ability to meet requirements QCharacterised by: Accuracy Accuracy Resolution Resolution Assurance Level Assurance Level Traceability Traceability Timeliness Timeliness Completeness Completeness Format Format

17. Federal Aviation Administration ICAO PERFORMANCE SYMPOSIUM Montréal, March 2007 17 Managing Data What is Data Integrity? RS56869_1005 QThe assurance that a data item retrieved from a storage system has not been changed since the original data entry or latest authorised amendment Data Exchange Same?

18. Federal Aviation Administration ICAO PERFORMANCE SYMPOSIUM Montréal, March 2007 18 ICAO Requirements RS56869_1006 User requirements in ICAO Annex 15 Critical (10 -8 ) Essential (10 -5 )Data Routine (10 -3 )

19. Federal Aviation Administration ICAO PERFORMANCE SYMPOSIUM Montréal, March 2007 19 RNVREQ_1104 Some Specific Requirements QData Configuration Management – know data origin and what has happened to it during its life QSoftware Tools Qualification – Tools validated to ensure they do what they should do QQuality Management – well defined procedures capable of ensuring quality QCompliance – do what the quality procedures require QAudit – demonstrate that they have been used QData Configuration Management – know data origin and what has happened to it during its life QSoftware Tools Qualification – Tools validated to ensure they do what they should do QQuality Management – well defined procedures capable of ensuring quality QCompliance – do what the quality procedures require QAudit – demonstrate that they have been used

20. Federal Aviation Administration ICAO PERFORMANCE SYMPOSIUM Montréal, March 2007 20 RNVREQ_1105 Issues to be Addressed QSurvey – does it meet accuracy and integrity requirements QIs there means to guarantee that data not corrupted QRNAV coding – has the data house correctly interpreted the design? QTraceability – can you validate to confirm whether process working QSurvey – does it meet accuracy and integrity requirements QIs there means to guarantee that data not corrupted QRNAV coding – has the data house correctly interpreted the design? QTraceability – can you validate to confirm whether process working

21. Federal Aviation Administration ICAO PERFORMANCE SYMPOSIUM Montréal, March 2007 21 WGS 84 Global Geodetic System Only accurate to 1-2 Metres QInternational Terrestrial Reference System (ITRS) Precise geodetic system : 1-3 cm over 5,000 km Precise geodetic system : 1-3 cm over 5,000 km Maintained by the International Earth Rotation Service Maintained by the International Earth Rotation Service Addresses Plate Tectonic movements. Addresses Plate Tectonic movements. ITRF – globally distributed network with defined epoch (date), position and velocity ITRF – globally distributed network with defined epoch (date), position and velocity Global Geodetic System Only accurate to 1-2 Metres QInternational Terrestrial Reference System (ITRS) Precise geodetic system : 1-3 cm over 5,000 km Precise geodetic system : 1-3 cm over 5,000 km Maintained by the International Earth Rotation Service Maintained by the International Earth Rotation Service Addresses Plate Tectonic movements. Addresses Plate Tectonic movements. ITRF – globally distributed network with defined epoch (date), position and velocity ITRF – globally distributed network with defined epoch (date), position and velocity

22. Federal Aviation Administration ICAO PERFORMANCE SYMPOSIUM Montréal, March 2007 22 How to survey GPS Observation Techniques Connection to the geodetic reference frame Stations with defined ITRF coordinates Control Stations clear line of sight away ensure no interference Redundancy of data collection to allow validation Hardware selection – e.g. impact of mixed receiver network – antenna phase centre differences etc. Survey Marking GPS Observation Techniques Connection to the geodetic reference frame Stations with defined ITRF coordinates Control Stations clear line of sight away ensure no interference Redundancy of data collection to allow validation Hardware selection – e.g. impact of mixed receiver network – antenna phase centre differences etc. Survey Marking

23. Federal Aviation Administration ICAO PERFORMANCE SYMPOSIUM Montréal, March 2007 23 Surveys What to Survey Survey 20

24. Federal Aviation Administration ICAO PERFORMANCE SYMPOSIUM Montréal, March 2007 24 Surveys How to mark (Monumentation)

25. Federal Aviation Administration ICAO PERFORMANCE SYMPOSIUM Montréal, March 2007 25 Data Origination EUROCONTROL Guidance Material Integrity of Aeronautical Information - Aeronautical Data Origination AFN/NAV/DAT/ORG/DOC001-150404 Survey and procedure Design Requirements FAA Guidance Material QFAA Specification 405 Standards for Aeronautical Surveys and Related Products QFAA Order 8260.19 Flight Procedures and Airspace EUROCONTROL Guidance Material Integrity of Aeronautical Information - Aeronautical Data Origination AFN/NAV/DAT/ORG/DOC001-150404 Survey and procedure Design Requirements FAA Guidance Material QFAA Specification 405 Standards for Aeronautical Surveys and Related Products QFAA Order 8260.19 Flight Procedures and Airspace

26. Federal Aviation Administration ICAO PERFORMANCE SYMPOSIUM Montréal, March 2007 26 Requirements Addressed QSurvey –WGS84 QTraining for designers QSoftware Tool Qualification QData management QQuality Assurance QVerification of Procedure Designs QPublication QValidation tests Flyabilty – under range of wind conditions for appropriate aircraft types Flyabilty – under range of wind conditions for appropriate aircraft types Navigation aid coverage Navigation aid coverage QSurvey –WGS84 QTraining for designers QSoftware Tool Qualification QData management QQuality Assurance QVerification of Procedure Designs QPublication QValidation tests Flyabilty – under range of wind conditions for appropriate aircraft types Flyabilty – under range of wind conditions for appropriate aircraft types Navigation aid coverage Navigation aid coverage

27. Federal Aviation Administration ICAO PERFORMANCE SYMPOSIUM Montréal, March 2007 27